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The recent explosion in the capabilities of large language models has led to a wave of interest in how best to prompt a model to perform a given task. While it may be tempting to simply choose a prompt based on average performance on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Thomas P. Zollo , Todd Morrill , Zhun Deng , Jake C. Snell , Toniann Pitassi , Richard Zemel

The large language models have achieved superior performance on various natural language tasks. One major drawback of such approaches is they are resource-intensive in fine-tuning new datasets. Soft-prompt tuning presents a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Guoxin Chen , Yiming Qian , Bowen Wang , Liangzhi Li

Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) is a widely used technique for conditional generation and improving sample quality in continuous diffusion models, and its extensions to discrete diffusion has recently started to be investigated. In order to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Kevin Rojas , Ye He , Chieh-Hsin Lai , Yuhta Takida , Yuki Mitsufuji , Molei Tao

Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) is a widely used inference-time technique to boost the image quality of diffusion models. Yet, its reliance on text conditions prevents its use in unconditional generation. We propose a simple method to enable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Weijia Zhang , Yuehao Liu , Shanyan Guan , Wu Ran , Yanhao Ge , Wei Li , Chao Ma

Controllable image synthesis models allow creation of diverse images based on text instructions or guidance from a reference image. Recently, denoising diffusion probabilistic models have been shown to generate more realistic imagery than…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Xihui Liu , Dong Huk Park , Samaneh Azadi , Gong Zhang , Arman Chopikyan , Yuxiao Hu , Humphrey Shi , Anna Rohrbach , Trevor Darrell

This paper proposes a novel framework for multi-label image recognition without any training data, called data-free framework, which uses knowledge of pre-trained Large Language Model (LLM) to learn prompts to adapt pretrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Shuo Yang , Zirui Shang , Yongqi Wang , Derong Deng , Hongwei Chen , Qiyuan Cheng , Xinxiao Wu

Classifier-free guidance (CFG) is a core technique powering state-of-the-art image generation systems, yet its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this work, we begin by analyzing CFG in a simplified linear diffusion model,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Xiang Li , Rongrong Wang , Qing Qu

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the role of Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) in text-conditioned diffusion models from the perspective of inference efficiency. In particular, we relax the default choice of applying CFG in all…

Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) is a cornerstone of modern conditional diffusion models, yet its reliance on the fixed or heuristic dynamic guidance weight is predominantly empirical and overlooks the inherent dynamics of the diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Jiayang Gao , Tianyi Zheng , Jiayang Zou , Fengxiang Yang , Shice Liu , Luyao Fan , Zheyu Zhang , Hao Zhang , Jinwei Chen , Peng-Tao Jiang , Bo Li , Jia Wang

Diffusion models excel at capturing the natural design spaces of images, molecules, DNA, RNA, and protein sequences. However, rather than merely generating designs that are natural, we often aim to optimize downstream reward functions while…

With the rapid development of text-to-vision generation diffusion models, classifier-free guidance has emerged as the most prevalent method for conditioning. However, this approach inherently requires twice as many steps for model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Huixuan Zhang , Junzhe Zhang , Xiaojun Wan

Text-to-image models have shown remarkable progress in generating high-quality images from user-provided prompts. Despite this, the quality of these images varies due to the models' sensitivity to human language nuances. With advancements…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Xinrui Yang , Zhuohan Wang , Anthony Hu

Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) is a cornerstone of modern text-to-image models, yet its reliance on a semantically vacuous null prompt ($\varnothing$) generates a guidance signal prone to geometric entanglement. This is a key factor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Shilong Han , Yuming Zhang , Hongxia Wang

Guided or controlled data generation with diffusion models\blfootnote{Partial preliminary results of this work appeared in International Conference on Machine Learning 2025 \citep{li2025provable}.} has become a cornerstone of modern…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-05 Yuchen Jiao , Yuxin Chen , Gen Li

Audio-language models have recently demonstrated strong zero-shot capabilities by leveraging natural-language supervision to classify audio events without labeled training data. Yet, their performance is highly sensitive to the wording of…

Recently, diffusion-based deep generative models (e.g., Stable Diffusion) have shown impressive results in text-to-image synthesis. However, current text-to-image models often require multiple passes of prompt engineering by humans in order…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Tingfeng Cao , Chengyu Wang , Bingyan Liu , Ziheng Wu , Jinhui Zhu , Jun Huang

Classifier-free guidance (CFG) is crucial for improving both generation quality and alignment between the input condition and final output in diffusion models. While a high guidance scale is generally required to enhance these aspects, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Seyedmorteza Sadat , Otmar Hilliges , Romann M. Weber

Classifier-free guidance (CFG) is the workhorse for steering large diffusion models toward text-conditioned targets, yet its native application to rectified flow (RF) based models provokes severe off-manifold drift, yielding visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Shreshth Saini , Shashank Gupta , Alan C. Bovik

Recent progress in generative modeling has enabled high-quality visual synthesis with diffusion-based frameworks, supporting controllable sampling and large-scale training. Inference-time guidance methods such as classifier-free and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Wenqiang Zu , Shenghao Xie , Bo Lei , Lei Ma

Guidance serves as a key concept in diffusion models, yet its effectiveness is often limited by the need for extra data annotation or classifier pretraining. That is why guidance was harnessed from self-supervised learning backbones, like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Vincent Tao Hu , Yunlu Chen , Mathilde Caron , Yuki M. Asano , Cees G. M. Snoek , Bjorn Ommer