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Recently, large language models (LLMs) have taken the spotlight in natural language processing. Further, integrating LLMs with vision enables the users to explore more emergent abilities in multimodality. Visual language models (VLMs), such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Minh-Hao Van , Xintao Wu

Language models (LM) are very powerful in lipreading systems. Language models built upon the ground truth utterances of datasets learn grammar and structure rules of words and sentences (the latter in the case of continuous speech).…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-09-19 Helen L Bear

This report provides an architecture-led analysis of two modern vision-language models (VLMs), Qwen2.5-VL-7B-Instruct and Llama-4-Scout-17B-16E-Instruct, and explains how their architectural properties map to a practical video-to-artifact…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Thomson Tong , Diba Darooneh

Existing approaches to bias evaluation in large language models (LLMs) trade ecological validity for statistical control, relying either on artificial prompts that poorly reflect real-world use or on naturalistic tasks that lack scale and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Akram Elbouanani , Aboubacar Tuo , Adrian Popescu

Visual Language Models (VLMs) show remarkable performance in visual reasoning tasks, successfully tackling college-level challenges that require high-level understanding of images. However, some recent reports of VLMs struggling to reason…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Gene Tangtartharakul , Katherine R. Storrs

Latent Action Models (LAMs) have rapidly gained traction as an important component in the pre-training pipelines of leading Vision-Language-Action models. However, they fail when observations contain action-correlated distractors, often…

Unified vision-language models (VLMs) promise to streamline computer vision pipelines by reframing multiple visual tasks such as classification, detection, and keypoint localization within a single language-driven interface. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Conor Wallace , Isaac Corley , Jonathan Lwowski

In question-answering scenarios, humans can assess whether the available information is sufficient and seek additional information if necessary, rather than providing a forced answer. In contrast, Vision Language Models (VLMs) typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Li Liu , Diji Yang , Sijia Zhong , Kalyana Suma Sree Tholeti , Lei Ding , Yi Zhang , Leilani H. Gilpin

Visual question answering (VQA) is a critical multimodal task in which an agent must answer questions according to the visual cue. Unfortunately, language bias is a common problem in VQA, which refers to the model generating answers only by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Xinyao Shu , Shiyang Yan , Xu Yang , Ziheng Wu , Zhongfeng Chen , Zhenyu Lu

Vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have gained popularity for their strong open vocabulary classification performance, but they are prone to assigning high confidence scores to misclassifications, limiting their reliability in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zhenxiang Lin , Maryam Haghighat , Will Browne , Dimity Miller

Visual inputs are often assumed to improve language understanding in multimodal models. We examine this assumption by asking whether vision-language models (VLMs) can distinguish useful visual evidence from incidental image context in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yifan Jiang , Ruoxi Ning , Sheng Yao , Freda Shi

The efficacy of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) is critically dependent on the quality of their training data, requiring a precise balance between visual fidelity and instruction-following capability. Existing datasets, however, are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zimu Jia , Mingjie Xu , Andrew Estornell , Jiaheng Wei

VLMs (Vision-Language Models) extend the capabilities of LLMs (Large Language Models) to accept multimodal inputs. Since it has been verified that LLMs can be induced to generate harmful or inaccurate content through specific test cases…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Mukai Li , Lei Li , Yuwei Yin , Masood Ahmed , Zhenguang Liu , Qi Liu

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance by effectively integrating visual and textual information to solve complex tasks. However, it is not clear how these models reason over the visual and textual data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Pouya Pezeshkpour , Moin Aminnaseri , Estevam Hruschka

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in video understanding. However, seemingly plausible outputs often suffer from poor visual and temporal grounding: a model may fabricate object existence, assign…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yihao Quan , Zeru Shi , Jinman Zhao , Ruixiang Tang

Large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks and domains. Despite this promise, spatial understanding and reasoning -- a fundamental component of human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Jiayu Wang , Yifei Ming , Zhenmei Shi , Vibhav Vineet , Xin Wang , Yixuan Li , Neel Joshi

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have transformed multi-modal understanding, excelling in tasks like image captioning and visual question answering by integrating visual and textual inputs. However, their robustness against adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Xiang Fang , Wanlong Fang , Changshuo Wang

Recent research on Vision Language Models (VLMs) suggests that they rely on inherent biases learned during training to respond to questions about visual properties of an image. These biases are exacerbated when VLMs are asked highly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Saurav Sengupta , Nazanin Moradinasab , Jiebei Liu , Donald E. Brown

Vision-language models (VLMs) have made significant progress in recent visual-question-answering (VQA) benchmarks that evaluate complex visio-linguistic reasoning. However, are these models truly effective? In this work, we show that VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Baiqi Li , Zhiqiu Lin , Wenxuan Peng , Jean de Dieu Nyandwi , Daniel Jiang , Zixian Ma , Simran Khanuja , Ranjay Krishna , Graham Neubig , Deva Ramanan

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) promise to ground language instructions in robot control, yet in practice often fail to faithfully follow language. When presented with instructions that lack strong scene-specific supervision, VLAs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yu Fang , Yuchun Feng , Dong Jing , Jiaqi Liu , Yue Yang , Zhenyu Wei , Daniel Szafir , Mingyu Ding
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