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There is an implicit assumption that by unfolding recurrent neural networks (RNN) in finite time, the misspecification of choosing a zero value for the initial hidden state is mitigated by later time steps. This assumption has been shown to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Sam Wenke , Jim Fleming

We consider reservoirs in the form of liquid state machines, i.e., recurrently connected networks of spiking neurons with randomly chosen weights. So far only the weights of a linear readout were adapted for a specific task. We wondered…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Anand Subramoney , Franz Scherr , Wolfgang Maass

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are a vital modeling technique that rely on internal states learned indirectly by optimization of a supervised, unsupervised, or reinforcement training loss. RNNs are used to model dynamic processes that are…

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are widely used for online regression due to their ability to generalize nonlinear temporal dependencies. As an RNN model, Long-Short-Term-Memory Networks (LSTMs) are commonly preferred in practice, as these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 N. Mert Vural , Fatih Ilhan , Selim F. Yilmaz , Salih Ergüt , Suleyman S. Kozat

We introduce a new model, the Recurrent Entity Network (EntNet). It is equipped with a dynamic long-term memory which allows it to maintain and update a representation of the state of the world as it receives new data. For language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-11 Mikael Henaff , Jason Weston , Arthur Szlam , Antoine Bordes , Yann LeCun

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) produce state-of-art performance on many machine learning tasks but their demand on resources in terms of memory and computational power are often high. Therefore, there is a great interest in optimizing the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Joachim Ott , Zhouhan Lin , Ying Zhang , Shih-Chii Liu , Yoshua Bengio

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) take inspiration from the brain to enable energy-efficient computations. Since the advent of Transformers, SNNs have struggled to compete with artificial networks on modern sequential tasks, as they inherit…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Matei Ioan Stan , Oliver Rhodes

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are used in state-of-the-art models in domains such as speech recognition, machine translation, and language modelling. Sparsity is a technique to reduce compute and memory requirements of deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-09 Sharan Narang , Eric Undersander , Gregory Diamos

Recently, there has been interest in multiplicative recurrent neural networks for language modeling. Indeed, simple Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) encounter difficulties recovering from past mistakes when generating sequences due to high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Diego Maupomé , Marie-Jean Meurs

As the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) accelerates, token consumption from intermediate reasoning traces increasingly contributes to inference latency and operational cost. Recent studies suggest that many real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Richmond Sin Jing Xuan , Rishabh Bhardwaj , Soujanya Poria

Training recurrent neural networks (RNNs) is a hard problem due to degeneracies in the optimization landscape, a problem also known as vanishing/exploding gradients. Short of designing new RNN architectures, previous methods for dealing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-11 A. Emin Orhan , Xaq Pitkow

Linear recurrent neural networks (LRNNs) provide a structured approach to sequence modeling that bridges classical linear dynamical systems and modern deep learning, offering both expressive power and theoretical guarantees on stability and…

Post-training with Reinforcement Learning (RL) has substantially improved reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs) via test-time scaling. However, extending this paradigm to Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) through verbose rationales yields limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Bangzheng Li , Jianmo Ni , Chen Qu , Ian Miao , Liu Yang , Xingyu Fu , Muhao Chen , Derek Zhiyuan Cheng

Vanishing long-term gradients are a major issue in training standard recurrent neural networks (RNNs), which can be alleviated by long short-term memory (LSTM) models with memory cells. However, the extra parameters associated with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-26 Chao Zhang , Philip Woodland

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are a key technology for applications such as automatic speech recognition or machine translation. Unlike conventional feed-forward DNNs, RNNs remember past information to improve the accuracy of future…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Franyell Silfa , Jose-Maria Arnau , Antonio González

Developing NLP models traditionally involves two stages - training and application. Retention of information acquired after training (at application time) is architecturally limited by the size of the model's context window (in the case of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Arseny Moskvichev , James A. Liu

As industrial systems become more complex and monitoring sensors for everything from surveillance to our health become more ubiquitous, multivariate time series prediction is taking an important place in the smooth-running of our society. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Fan Jin , Ke Zhang , Yipan Huang , Yifei Zhu , Baiping Chen

Neural processes (NPs) learn stochastic processes and predict the distribution of target output adaptively conditioned on a context set of observed input-output pairs. Furthermore, Attentive Neural Process (ANP) improved the prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Shenghao Qin , Jiacheng Zhu , Jimmy Qin , Wenshuo Wang , Ding Zhao

While a diverse collection of continual learning (CL) methods has been proposed to prevent catastrophic forgetting, a thorough investigation of their effectiveness for processing sequential data with recurrent neural networks (RNNs) is…

Recent advances in reasoning domains with neural networks have primarily been enabled by a training recipe that optimizes Large Language Models, previously trained to predict the next-token in a sequence, with reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Nikolaos Tsilivis , Eran Malach , Karen Ullrich , Julia Kempe