English
Related papers

Related papers: Quantile Advantage Estimation: Stabilizing RLVR fo…

200 papers

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) improves multimodal reasoning by rewarding verifiable final answers. Yet answer-correct trajectories may still rely on incomplete derivations, weak evidence, or statements that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Mengzhao Jia , Zhihan Zhang , Meng Jiang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a key method for improving Large Language Models' reasoning capabilities, yet recent evidence suggests it may paradoxically shrink the reasoning boundary rather than…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Phuc Minh Nguyen , Chinh D. La , Duy M. H. Nguyen , Nitesh V. Chawla , Binh T. Nguyen , Khoa D. Doan

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is a powerful paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), yet its success hinges on effective exploration. An ideal exploration strategy must…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Chenghao Yang , Lin Gui , Chenxiao Yang , Victor Veitch , Lizhu Zhang , Zhuokai Zhao

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) enables policy learning from fixed datasets without further environment interaction, making it particularly valuable in high-risk or costly domains. Extreme $Q$-Learning (XQL) is a recent offline RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Xinming Gao , Shangzhe Li , Yujin Cai , Wenwu Yu

Recent advances highlight Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) as a promising method for enhancing LLMs' capabilities. However, it remains unclear whether the current practice of RLVR truly expands a model's reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Fang Wu , Weihao Xuan , Ximing Lu , Mingjie Liu , Yi Dong , Zaid Harchaoui , Yejin Choi

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) enhances the reasoning of large language models (LLMs), but standard RLVR often depends on human-annotated answers or carefully curated reward specifications. In machine-checkable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Xinjie Chen , Biao Fu , Jing Wu , Guoxin Chen , Xinggao Liu , Dayiheng Liu , Minpeng Liao

Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) typically samples multiple responses per prompt and assigns binary rewards based on individual correctness, yet the collective structure of the group output, specifically the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Wenpu Liu , Yuqi Xu , Weichu Xie , Yongfu Zhu , Shuai Dong , Ziyue Wang , Wenqi Shao , Xiaoying Zhang , Tong Yang , Nan Duan , Jiaqi Wang

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has improved the reasoning ability of large language models, yet training remains costly because many rollouts contribute little to optimization, considering the amount of computation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yan Sun , Jia Guo , Stanley Kok , Zihao Wang , Zujie Wen , Zhiqiang Zhang

The recent boom in the literature on entropy-regularized reinforcement learning (RL) approaches reveals that Kullback-Leibler (KL) regularization brings advantages to RL algorithms by canceling out errors under mild assumptions. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Toshinori Kitamura , Lingwei Zhu , Takamitsu Matsubara

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for downstream tasks typically exhibit a fundamental safety-capability tradeoff, where improving task performance degrades safety alignment even on benign datasets. This degradation persists across…

Reinforcement learning has traditionally been studied with exponential discounting or the average reward setup, mainly due to their mathematical tractability. However, such frameworks fall short of accurately capturing human behavior, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-18 S. R. Eshwar , Mayank Motwani , Nibedita Roy , Gugan Thoppe

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR), particularly GRPO, has become the standard for eliciting LLM reasoning. However, its efficiency in exploration and difficulty adaptation remains an open challenge. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zhiqi Yu , Zhangquan Chen , Mengting Liu , Heye Zhang , Liangqiong Qu

Instability and variability of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms tend to adversely affect their performance. Averaged-DQN is a simple extension to the DQN algorithm, based on averaging previously learned Q-values estimates, which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-03-13 Oron Anschel , Nir Baram , Nahum Shimkin

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated that reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) can significantly enhance reasoning abilities by directly optimizing correctness, rather than relying solely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Minbin Huang , Runhui Huang , Chuanyang Zheng , Jingyao Li , Guoxuan Chen , Han Shi , Hong Cheng

Cross-cultural entity translation remains challenging for large language models (LLMs) as literal or phonetic renderings are usually yielded instead of culturally appropriate translations in context. However, relevant knowledge may already…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiang Zhou , Xiaohu Zhao , Xinwei Wu , Tianyu Dong , Hao Wang , Yangyang Liu , Heng Liu , Linlong Xu , Longyue Wang , Weihua Luo , Deyi Xiong

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) scales the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) but remains bottlenecked by limited labeled samples for continued data scaling. Reinforcement learning with intrinsic rewards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Chuyi Tan , Peiwen Yuan , Xinglin Wang , Yiwei Li , Shaoxiong Feng , Yueqi Zhang , Jiayi Shi , Ji Zhang , Boyuan Pan , Yao Hu , Kan Li

Recent advances in Reinforcement Learning with Verified Reward (RLVR) have driven the emergence of more sophisticated cognitive behaviors in large language models (LLMs), thereby enhancing their reasoning capabilities. However, in prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Qingbin Li , Rongkun Xue , Jie Wang , Ming Zhou , Zhi Li , Xiaofeng Ji , Yongqi Wang , Miao Liu , Zheming Yang , Minghui Qiu , Jing Yang

In reinforcement learning, two objective functions have been developed extensively in the literature: discounted and averaged rewards. The generalization to an entropy-regularized setting has led to improved robustness and exploration for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Jacob Adamczyk , Volodymyr Makarenko , Stas Tiomkin , Rahul V. Kulkarni

Quality Estimation (QE) aims to assess the quality of machine translation (MT) outputs without relying on reference translations, making it essential for real-world, large-scale MT evaluation. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Archchana Sindhujan , Girish A. Koushik , Shenbin Qian , Diptesh Kanojia , Constantin Orăsan

Robustness against adversarial attacks and distribution shifts is a long-standing goal of Reinforcement Learning (RL). To this end, Robust Adversarial Reinforcement Learning (RARL) trains a protagonist against destabilizing forces exercised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Aryaman Reddi , Maximilian Tölle , Jan Peters , Georgia Chalvatzaki , Carlo D'Eramo