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Large Language Models (LLMs) trained on extensive corpora inevitably retain sensitive data, such as personal privacy information and copyrighted material. Recent advancements in knowledge unlearning involve updating LLM parameters to erase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Bozhong Tian , Xiaozhuan Liang , Siyuan Cheng , Qingbin Liu , Mengru Wang , Dianbo Sui , Xi Chen , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Machine unlearning has the potential to improve the safety of large language models (LLMs) by removing sensitive or harmful information post hoc. A key challenge in unlearning involves balancing between forget quality (effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Shengyuan Hu , Neil Kale , Pratiksha Thaker , Yiwei Fu , Steven Wu , Virginia Smith

Machine unlearning is essential for meeting legal obligations such as the right to be forgotten, which requires the removal of specific data from machine learning models upon request. While several approaches to unlearning have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Maximilian Egger , Rawad Bitar , Rüdiger Urbanke

Recent legal frameworks have mandated the right to be forgotten, obligating the removal of specific data upon user requests. Machine Unlearning has emerged as a promising solution by selectively removing learned information from machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Xiang Li , Bhavani Thuraisingham , Wenqi Wei

Machine unlearning, the process of efficiently removing specific information from machine learning models, is a growing area of interest for responsible AI. However, few studies have explored the effectiveness of unlearning methods on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Alkis Koudounas , Claudio Savelli , Flavio Giobergia , Elena Baralis

Large language model unlearning aims to remove harmful information that LLMs have learnt to prevent their use for malicious purposes. LLMU and RMU have been proposed as two methods for LLM unlearning, achieving impressive results on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Jai Doshi , Asa Cooper Stickland

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across natural language processing tasks, yet their widespread deployment raises pressing concerns around privacy, copyright, security, and bias. Machine unlearning has emerged…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Tyler Lizzo , Larry Heck

Modern privacy regulations have spurred the evolution of machine unlearning, a technique that enables the removal of data from an already trained ML model without requiring retraining from scratch. Previous unlearning methods tend to induce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Haoxuan Ji , Zheng Lin , Yuyao Sun , Gao Fei , Yuhang Wang , Haichang Gao , Zhenxing Niu

In this paper, we investigate knowledge forgetting in large language models with a focus on its generalisation, ensuring that models forget not only specific training samples but also related implicit knowledge. To this end, we begin by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Huazheng Wang , Yongcheng Jing , Haifeng Sun , Yingjie Wang , Jingyu Wang , Jianxin Liao , Dacheng Tao

As Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities learned from vast corpora, concerns regarding data privacy and safety are receiving increasing attention. LLM unlearning, which aims to remove the influence of specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Kai Qin , Jiaqi Wu , Jianxiang He , Haoyuan Sun , Yifei Zhao , Bin Liang , Yongzhe Chang , Tiantian Zhang , Houde Liu

Machine unlearning algorithms aim to remove the influence of specific training samples, ideally recovering the model that would have resulted from training on the remaining data alone. We study unlearning in the overparameterized setting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jacob L. Block , Aryan Mokhtari , Sanjay Shakkottai

Machine unlearning in foundation models (e.g., language and vision transformers) is essential for privacy and safety; however, existing approaches are unstable and unreliable. A widely used strategy, the gradient difference method, applies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Arpit Garg , Hemanth Saratchandran , Ravi Garg , Simon Lucey

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a notable field, attracting significant attention for its ability to automatically generate intelligent contents for various application domains. However, LLMs still suffer from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Kongyang Chen , Zixin Wang , Bing Mi , Waixi Liu , Shaowei Wang , Xiaojun Ren , Jiaxing Shen

Machine unlearning aims to remove the influence of specific data from trained models while preserving general utility. Existing approximate unlearning methods often rely on performance-degradation heuristics, such as loss maximization or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jonas Mirlach , Sonia Laguna , Julia E. Vogt

Given the prevalence of large language models (LLMs) and the prohibitive cost of training these models from scratch, dynamically forgetting specific knowledge e.g., private or proprietary, without retraining the model has become an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Tyler Lizzo , Larry Heck

Recently, the enactment of ``right to be forgotten" laws and regulations has imposed new privacy requirements on federated learning (FL). Researchers aim to remove the influence of certain data from the trained model without training from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Lei Zhou , Youwen Zhu , Qiao Xue , Ji Zhang , Pengfei Zhang

Machine Unlearning (MU) aims to remove target training data from a trained model so that the removed data no longer influences the model's behavior, fulfilling "right to be forgotten" obligations under data privacy laws. Yet, we observe…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jaeung Lee , Suhyeon Yu , Yurim Jang , Simon S. Woo , Jaemin Jo

In contrast to offline working fashions, two research paradigms are devised for online learning: (1) Online Meta Learning (OML) learns good priors over model parameters (or learning to learn) in a sequential setting where tasks are revealed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Chen Zhao , Feng Chen , Bhavani Thuraisingham

Privacy concerns in LLMs have led to the rapidly growing need to enforce a data's "right to be forgotten". Machine unlearning addresses precisely this task, namely the removal of the influence of some specific data, i.e., the forget set,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Xingjian Zhao , Mohammad Mohammadi Amiri , Malik Magdon-Ismail

Large language models (LLMs) inevitably memorize sensitive, copyrighted, and harmful knowledge from the training corpus; therefore, it is crucial to erase this knowledge from the models. Machine unlearning is a promising solution for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zhuoran Jin , Pengfei Cao , Chenhao Wang , Zhitao He , Hongbang Yuan , Jiachun Li , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao
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