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Despite the promising performance of state space models (SSMs) in long sequence modeling, limitations still exist. Advanced SSMs like S5 and S6 (Mamba) in addressing non-uniform sampling, their recursive structures impede efficient SSM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Biqing Qi , Junqi Gao , Kaiyan Zhang , Dong Li , Jianxing Liu , Ligang Wu , Bowen Zhou

Surgical phase recognition (SPR) is crucial for applications in workflow optimization, performance evaluation, and real-time intervention guidance. However, current deep learning models often struggle with fragmented predictions, failing to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-04 Hao Ding , Zhongpai Gao , Benjamin Planche , Tianyu Luan , Abhishek Sharma , Meng Zheng , Ange Lou , Terrence Chen , Mathias Unberath , Ziyan Wu

State-space models (SSM) are central to describe time-varying complex systems in countless signal processing applications such as remote sensing, networks, biomedicine, and finance to name a few. Inference and prediction in SSMs are…

Computation · Statistics 2022-10-26 Víctor Elvira , Émilie Chouzenoux

State space models (SSMs) have recently emerged as a powerful framework for long sequence processing, outperforming traditional methods on diverse benchmarks. Fundamentally, SSMs can generalize both recurrent and convolutional networks and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-24 Xiaoyu Zhang , Mingtao Hu , Sen Lu , Soohyeon Kim , Eric Yeu-Jer Lee , Yuyang Liu , Wei D. Lu

Transformers exhibit proficiency in capturing long-range dependencies, whereas State Space Models (SSMs) facilitate linear-time sequence modeling. Notwithstanding their synergistic potential, the integration of these architectures presents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Bingheng Wu , Jingze Shi , Yifan Wu , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

Simulation-based Inference (SBI) is a widely used set of algorithms to learn the parameters of complex scientific simulation models. While primarily run on CPUs in HPC clusters, these algorithms have been shown to scale in performance when…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Sourabh Kulkarni , Csaba Andras Moritz

State Space Models (SSMs) have emerged as efficient alternatives to Transformers, mitigating their quadratic computational cost. However, the application of Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods to SSMs remains largely unexplored.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Wonjun Kang , Kevin Galim , Yuchen Zeng , Minjae Lee , Hyung Il Koo , Nam Ik Cho

In the post-deep learning era, the Transformer architecture has demonstrated its powerful performance across pre-trained big models and various downstream tasks. However, the enormous computational demands of this architecture have deterred…

In this paper, we present structured message passing (SMP), a unifying framework for approximate inference algorithms that take advantage of structured representations such as algebraic decision diagrams and sparse hash tables. These…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-09-27 Vibhav Gogate , Pedro Domingos

Finite-state models, such as finite-state machines (FSMs), aid software engineering in many ways. They are often used in formal verification and also can serve as visual software models. The latter application is associated with the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-11-22 Vladimir Ulyantsev , Igor Buzhinsky , Anatoly Shalyto

Data movement costs constitute a significant bottleneck in modern machine learning (ML) systems. When combined with the computational complexity of algorithms, such as neural networks, designing hardware accelerators with low energy…

Recent State Space Models (SSMs) such as S4, S5, and Mamba have shown remarkable computational benefits in long-range temporal dependency modeling. However, in many sequence modeling problems, the underlying process is inherently modular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jindong Jiang , Fei Deng , Gautam Singh , Minseung Lee , Sungjin Ahn

Deep State Space Models (SSMs), such as Mamba (Gu & Dao, 2024), have become powerful tools for language modeling, offering high performance and linear scalability with sequence length. However, the application of parameter-efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Kevin Galim , Wonjun Kang , Yuchen Zeng , Hyung Il Koo , Kangwook Lee

Recently, the Mamba architecture based on State Space Models (SSMs) has gained attention in 3D human pose estimation due to its linear complexity and strong global modeling capability. However, existing SSM-based methods typically apply…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Hu Cui , Wenqiang Hua , Renjing Huang , Shurui Jia , Tessai Hayama

Given a state transition matrix (STM), we reinvestigate the problem of constructing the sparest input matrix with a fixed number of inputs to guarantee controllability. We give a new and simple graph theoretic characterization for the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-09-17 Yuan Zhang , Tong Zhou

State Space Models (SSMs) offer a promising alternative to transformers for long-sequence processing. However, their efficiency remains hindered by memory-bound operations, particularly in the prefill stage. While MARCA, a recent first…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Robin Geens , Arne Symons , Marian Verhelst

State Space Models (SSMs) are inherently recurrent along the sequence dimension, yet depth-recurrence - reusing the same block repeatedly across layers, as recently applied in looped transformers - has not been explored in this model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Mónika Farsang , Ramin Hasani , Daniela Rus , Radu Grosu

Recent work has revealed that state space models (SSMs), while efficient for long-sequence processing, are fundamentally limited in their ability to represent formal languages-particularly due to time-invariant and real-valued recurrence…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Arjun Karuvally , Franz Nowak , Anderson T. Keller , Carmen Amo Alonso , Terrence J. Sejnowski , Hava T. Siegelmann

Dense linear layers are a dominant source of computational and parametric cost in modern machine learning models, despite their quadratic complexity and often being misaligned with the compositional structure of learned representations. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Peter Farag

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) are widely employed in high-performance drive systems owing to their high efficiency and power density. However, nonlinear dynamics, parameter uncertainties, and load disturbances complicate their…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Mubarak Badamasi Aremu , Abdullah Ajasa , Ali Nasir