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User simulation has long played a vital role in computer science due to its potential to support a wide range of applications. Language, as the primary medium of human communication, forms the foundation of social interaction and behavior.…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for automating complex reasoning and decision-making tasks. In telecommunications, they hold the potential to transform network optimization, automate troubleshooting, enhance…

Full-duplex spoken dialogue systems can model natural conversational behaviours such as interruptions, overlaps, and backchannels, yet such systems remain largely unexplored for Indian languages. We present the first open, reproducible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Bhaskar Singh , Shobhit Banga , Mahima Manik , Pranav Sharma

Recent progress in large language model (LLM) technology has significantly enhanced the interaction experience between humans and voice assistants (VAs). This project aims to explore a user's continuous interaction with LLM-based VA…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Szeyi Chan , Shihan Fu , Jiachen Li , Bingsheng Yao , Smit Desai , Mirjana Prpa , Dakuo Wang

In 2025, Large Language Model (LLM) services have launched a new feature -- AI video chat -- allowing users to interact with AI agents via real-time video communication (RTC), just like chatting with real people. Despite its significance,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jiayang Xu , Xiangjie Huang , Zijie Li , Zili Meng

This paper explores the advancements in making large language models (LLMs) more human-like. We focus on techniques that enhance natural language understanding, conversational coherence, and emotional intelligence in AI systems. The study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ethem Yağız Çalık , Talha Rüzgar Akkuş

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) presents transformative opportunities for education, generating numerous novel application scenarios. However, significant challenges remain: evaluation metrics vary substantially across…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Shou'ang Wei , Xinyun Wang , Shuzhen Bi , Jian Chen , Ruijia Li , Bo Jiang , Xin Lin , Min Zhang , Yu Song , BingDong Li , Aimin Zhou , Hao Hao

Conversational human-likeness plays a central role in human-AI interaction, yet it has remained difficult to define, measure, and optimize. As a result, improvements in human-like behavior are largely driven by scale or broad supervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Masum Hasan , Junjie Zhao , Ehsan Hoque

Research on Large Language Models (LLMs) has recently witnessed an increasing interest in extending the models' context size to better capture dependencies within long documents. While benchmarks have been proposed to assess long-range…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Thibaut Thonet , Jos Rozen , Laurent Besacier

Spoken conversational systems require more than accurate speech generation to have human-like conversations: to feel natural and engaging, they must produce conversational behaviour that adapts dynamically to the context. Current spoken…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Maike Züfle , Ondrej Klejch , Nicholas Sanders , Jan Niehues , Alexandra Birch , Tsz Kin Lam

Full-Duplex Speech Dialogue Systems (Full-Duplex SDS) have significantly enhanced the naturalness of human-machine interaction by enabling real-time bidirectional communication. However, existing approaches face challenges such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Borui Liao , Yulong Xu , Jiao Ou , Kaiyuan Yang , Weihua Jian , Pengfei Wan , Di Zhang

We introduce a new benchmark, LLF-Bench (Learning from Language Feedback Benchmark; pronounced as "elf-bench"), to evaluate the ability of AI agents to interactively learn from natural language feedback and instructions. Learning from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Ching-An Cheng , Andrey Kolobov , Dipendra Misra , Allen Nie , Adith Swaminathan

The prevalence of Large Language Models (LLMs) is having an growing impact on the climate due to the substantial energy required for their deployment and use. To create awareness for developers who are implementing LLMs in their products,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-12 K. Pronk , Q. Zhao

Although large language models (LLMs) have shown exceptional capabilities across a wide range of tasks, reliable evaluation remains a critical challenge due to data contamination, opaque operation, and subjective preferences. To address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Qianhong Guo , Wei Xie , Xiaofang Cai , Enze Wang , Shuoyoucheng Ma , Xiaobing Sun , Tian Xia , Kai Chen , Xiaofeng Wang , Baosheng Wang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have driven significant progress in end-to-end spoken dialogue models (SDMs). In contrast to text-based LLMs, the evaluation framework for SDMs should encompass both cognitive dimensions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Ruiqi Yan , Xiquan Li , Wenxi Chen , Zhikang Niu , Chen Yang , Ziyang Ma , Kai Yu , Xie Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) ) have demonstrated promise in boosting productivity across AI-powered tools, yet existing benchmarks like Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) inadequately assess enterprise-specific task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Liya Wang , David Yi , Damien Jose , John Passarelli , James Gao , Jordan Leventis , Kang Li

Human-computer interaction has traditionally relied on the acoustic channel, a dependency that introduces systemic vulnerabilities to environmental noise, privacy constraints, and physiological speech impairments. Silent Speech Interfaces…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-13 Kele Xu , Yifan Wang , Ming Feng , Qisheng Xu , Wuyang Chen , Yutao Dou , Cheng Yang , Huaimin Wang

The prevailing paradigm in the domain of Open-Domain Dialogue agents predominantly focuses on the English language, encompassing both models and datasets. Furthermore, the financial and temporal investments required for crowdsourcing such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Ahmed Njifenjou , Virgile Sucal , Bassam Jabaian , Fabrice Lefèvre

This paper presents a system for diversity-aware autonomous conversation leveraging the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). The system adapts to diverse populations and individuals, considering factors like background,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Lucrezia Grassi , Carmine Tommaso Recchiuto , Antonio Sgorbissa

An increasing number of organizations are deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) for a wide range of tasks. Despite their general utility, LLMs are prone to errors, ranging from inaccuracies to hallucinations. To objectively assess the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Kiran Busch , Henrik Leopold