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Machine learning models are increasingly applied to biomedical data, yet their adoption in high stakes domains remains limited by poor robustness, limited interpretability, and instability of learned features under realistic data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Justyna Andrys-Olek , Paulina Tworek , Luca Gherardini , Mark W. Ruddock , Mary Jo Kurt , Peter Fitzgerald , Jose Sousa

Conformal prediction (CP) provides a framework for constructing prediction sets with guaranteed coverage, assuming exchangeable data. However, real-world scenarios often involve distribution shifts that violate exchangeability, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Shadi Alijani , Homayoun Najjaran

When multi-agent systems (MAS) fail, identifying where the decisive error occurred is the first step for automated recovery to an earlier state. Error attribution remains a fundamental challenge due to the long interaction traces that large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Naihe Feng , Yi Sui , Shiyi Hou , Ga Wu , Jesse C. Cresswell

This paper proposes probabilistic conformal prediction (PCP), a predictive inference algorithm that estimates a target variable by a discontinuous predictive set. Given inputs, PCP construct the predictive set based on random samples from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-22 Zhendong Wang , Ruijiang Gao , Mingzhang Yin , Mingyuan Zhou , David M. Blei

Conformal Prediction (CP) has emerged as a powerful statistical framework for high-stakes classification applications. Instead of predicting a single class, CP generates a prediction set, guaranteed to include the true label with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ariel Fargion , Lahav Dabah , Tom Tirer

Superpixels have become very popular in many computer vision applications. Nevertheless, they remain underexploited since the superpixel decomposition may produce irregular and non stable segmentation results due to the dependency to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Rémi Giraud , Vinh-Thong Ta , Aurélie Bugeau , Pierrick Coupé , Nicolas Papadakis

Uncertainty quantification is essential in decision-making, especially when joint distributions of random variables are involved. While conformal prediction provides distribution-free prediction sets with valid coverage guarantees, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Rui Luo , Zhixin Zhou

Active learning is considered a viable solution to alleviate the contradiction between the high dependency of deep learning-based segmentation methods on annotated data and the expensive pixel-level annotation cost of medical images.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Jun Shi , Shulan Ruan , Ziqi Zhu , Minfan Zhao , Hong An , Xudong Xue , Bing Yan

In imaging inverse problems, one seeks to recover an image from missing/corrupted measurements. Because such problems are ill-posed, there is great motivation to quantify the uncertainty induced by the measurement-and-recovery process.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Jeffrey Wen , Rizwan Ahmad , Philip Schniter

Although the preservation of shape continuity and physiological anatomy is a natural assumption in the segmentation of medical images, it is often neglected by deep learning methods that mostly aim for the statistical modeling of input data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Yousef Yeganeh , Azade Farshad , Goktug Guevercin , Amr Abu-zer , Rui Xiao , Yongjian Tang , Ehsan Adeli , Nassir Navab

Conformal inference is a statistical method used to construct prediction sets for point predictors, providing reliable uncertainty quantification with probability guarantees. This method utilizes historical labeled data to estimate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Xiaoyi Su , Zhixin Zhou , Rui Luo

We introduce a framework for robust uncertainty quantification in situations where labeled training data are corrupted, through noisy or missing labels. We build on conformal prediction, a statistical tool for generating prediction sets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Shai Feldman , Stephen Bates , Yaniv Romano

Depth measures have gained popularity in the statistical literature for defining level sets in complex data structures like multivariate data, functional data, and graphs. Despite their versatility, integrating depth measures into…

Conformal prediction is a statistical framework that generates prediction sets containing ground-truth labels with a desired coverage guarantee. The predicted probabilities produced by machine learning models are generally miscalibrated,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Jianguo Huang , Huajun Xi , Linjun Zhang , Huaxiu Yao , Yue Qiu , Hongxin Wei

A reliable representation of uncertainty is essential for the application of modern machine learning methods in safety-critical settings. In this regard, the use of credal sets (i.e., convex sets of probability distributions) has recently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Paul Hofman , Timo Löhr , Maximilian Muschalik , Yusuf Sale , Eyke Hüllermeier

Compressive sensing (CS) is a promising technology for realizing energy-efficient wireless sensors for long-term health monitoring. In this paper, we propose a data-driven CS framework that learns signal characteristics and individual…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-12-20 Kai Xu , Yuhao Wang , Yixing Li , Fengbo Ren

Few-shot segmentation (FSS) aims to segment new classes using few annotated images. While recent FSS methods have shown considerable improvements by leveraging Segment Anything Model (SAM), they face two critical limitations: insufficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Shuai Chen , Fanman Meng , Liming Lei , Haoran Wei , Chenhao Wu , Qingbo Wu , Linfeng Xu , Hongliang Li

Medical image segmentation is almost the most important pre-processing procedure in computer-aided diagnosis but is also a very challenging task due to the complex shapes of segments and various artifacts caused by medical imaging, (i.e.,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-26 Hao Du , Qihua Dong , Yan Xu , Jing Liao

Conformal prediction has emerged as a powerful tool for building prediction intervals that are valid in a distribution-free way. However, its evaluation may be computationally costly, especially in the high-dimensional setting where the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-13 Lucas Clarté , Lenka Zdeborová

In drug discovery, it is vital to confirm the predictions of pharmaceutical properties from computational models using costly wet-lab experiments. Hence, obtaining reliable uncertainty estimates is crucial for prioritizing drug molecules…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Siddhartha Laghuvarapu , Zhen Lin , Jimeng Sun