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The proliferation of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in the past several years calls for rigorous and comprehensive evaluation methods and benchmarks. This work analyzes existing VLM evaluation techniques, including automated metrics,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Alexis Roger , Prateek Humane , Daniel Z. Kaplan , Kshitij Gupta , Qi Sun , George Adamopoulos , Jonathan Siu Chi Lim , Quentin Anthony , Edwin Fennell , Irina Rish

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have improved image captioning for cultural heritage. However, inferring structured cultural metadata (e.g., creator, origin, period) from visual input remains underexplored. We introduce a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yuechen Jiang , Enze Zhang , Md Mohsinul Kabir , Qianqian Xie , Stavroula Golfomitsou , Konstantinos Arvanitis , Sophia Ananiadou

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel in integrating visual and textual information for vision-centric tasks, but their handling of inconsistencies between modalities is underexplored. We investigate VLMs' modality preferences when faced with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Ailin Deng , Tri Cao , Zhirui Chen , Bryan Hooi

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive potential in helping with numerous medical challenges. Deploying LLMs in high-stakes applications such as medicine, however, brings in many concerns. One major area of concern relates to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Hamed Fayyaz , Raphael Poulain , Rahmatollah Beheshti

In medical image classification, supervised learning is challenging due to the scarcity of labeled medical images. To address this, we leverage the visual-textual alignment within Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to enable unsupervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Umaima Rahman , Raza Imam , Mohammad Yaqub , Boulbaba Ben Amor , Dwarikanath Mahapatra

Evaluating the robustness of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) is essential for their continued development and responsible deployment in real-world applications. However, existing robustness benchmarks typically focus on hallucination…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Huiyi Chen , Jiawei Peng , Dehai Min , Changchang Sun , Kaijie Chen , Yan Yan , Xu Yang , Lu Cheng

Many vision-language models (VLMs) that prove very effective at a range of multimodal task, build on CLIP-based vision encoders, which are known to have various limitations. We investigate the hypothesis that the strong language backbone in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Sho Takishita , Jay Gala , Abdelrahman Mohamed , Kentaro Inui , Yova Kementchedjhieva

Unified vision-language models (VLMs) promise to streamline computer vision pipelines by reframing multiple visual tasks such as classification, detection, and keypoint localization within a single language-driven interface. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Conor Wallace , Isaac Corley , Jonathan Lwowski

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have become essential for advancing the integration of visual and linguistic information. However, the evaluation of LVLMs presents significant challenges as the evaluation benchmark always demands lots…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Han Bao , Yue Huang , Yanbo Wang , Jiayi Ye , Xiangqi Wang , Xiuying Chen , Yue Zhao , Tianyi Zhou , Mohamed Elhoseiny , Xiangliang Zhang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have remarkable abilities in generating multimodal reasoning tasks. However, potential misuse or safety alignment concerns of VLMs have increased significantly due to different categories of attack vectors.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Md Jueal Mia , M. Hadi Amini

With recent advancements in Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) across various domains, a novel prompting method called visual referring prompting has emerged, showing significant potential in enhancing human-computer interaction within…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Zongjie Li , Chaozheng Wang , Chaowei Liu , Pingchuan Ma , Daoyuan Wu , Shuai Wang , Cuiyun Gao

We present a transparent, reproducible measurement of research trends across 26,104 accepted papers from CVPR, ICLR, and NeurIPS spanning 2023-2025. Titles and abstracts are normalized, phrase-protected, and matched against a hand-crafted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Fengming Lin

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in aligning visual and textual modalities, enabling a wide range of applications in multimodal understanding and generation. While they excel in zero-shot and transfer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Hao Dong , Moru Liu , Jian Liang , Eleni Chatzi , Olga Fink

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) trained with visual instruction tuning have achieved strong performance across diverse tasks, yet they remain limited in vision-centric tasks such as object counting or spatial reasoning. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Heeji Yoon , Jaewoo Jung , Junwan Kim , Hyungyu Choi , Heeseong Shin , Sangbeom Lim , Honggyu An , Chaehyun Kim , Jisang Han , Donghyun Kim , Chanho Eom , Sunghwan Hong , Seungryong Kim

Understanding multi-image, multi-turn scenarios is a critical yet underexplored capability for Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). Existing benchmarks predominantly focus on static or horizontal comparisons -- e.g., spotting visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Wenbo Lyu , Yingjun Du , Jinglin Zhao , Xianton Zhen , Ling Shao

Vision-language models (VLMs) are gaining attention in medical image analysis. These are pre-trained on large, heterogeneous data sources, yielding rich and transferable representations. Notably, the combination of modality-specialized VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Julio Silva-Rodríguez , Fereshteh Shakeri , Houda Bahig , Jose Dolz , Ismail Ben Ayed

Self-verification, re-invoking the same vision language model (VLM) in a fresh context to check its own generated answer, is increasingly used as a default safety layer for medical visual question answering (VQA). We argue that this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ruinan Jin , Beidi Zhao , Myeongkyun Kang , Qiong Zhang , Xiaoxiao Li

We introduce a framework for the use of large language models (LLMs) in Building Understandable Messaging for Policy and Evidence Review (BUMPER). LLMs are proving capable of providing interfaces for understanding and synthesizing large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Katherine A. Rosenfeld , Maike Sonnewald , Sonia J. Jindal , Kevin A. McCarthy , Joshua L. Proctor

Rapid advancements in Visual Language Models (VLMs) have transformed multimodal understanding but are often constrained by generating English responses regardless of the input language. This phenomenon has been termed as Image-induced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Iñigo Pikabea , Iñaki Lacunza , Oriol Pareras , Carlos Escolano , Aitor Gonzalez-Agirre , Javier Hernando , Marta Villegas

Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved impressive performance across many tasks, yet prior studies report unsatisfactory performance when applying large language or multimodal models to finding abnormal patterns in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xiaona Zhou , Muntasir Wahed , Tianjiao Yu , Constantin Brif , Ismini Lourentzou