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In the early stages of the design process, designers explore opportunities by discovering unmet needs and developing innovative concepts as potential solutions. From a human-centered design perspective, designers must develop empathy with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Qihao Zhu , Jianxi Luo

Lack of external knowledge makes empathetic dialogue systems difficult to perceive implicit emotions and learn emotional interactions from limited dialogue history. To address the above problems, we propose to leverage external knowledge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Qintong Li , Piji Li , Zhaochun Ren , Pengjie Ren , Zhumin Chen

Empathy, as defined in behavioral sciences, expresses the ability of human beings to recognize, understand and react to emotions, attitudes and beliefs of others. The lack of an operational definition of empathy makes it difficult to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-01-01 Firoj Alam , Morena Danieli , Giuseppe Riccardi

The alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) for multi-turn conversations typically relies on reward signals derived from the content of the text. This approach, however, overlooks a rich, complementary source of signal: the dynamics of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Sian Gooding , Edward Grefenstette

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) provides human-centered Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) with a glimmer of hope. Empathy serves as a key emotional attribute of humanity, playing an irreplaceable role in human-centered…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Linzhuang Sun , Yao Dong , Nan Xu , Jingxuan Wei , Bihui Yu , Yin Luo

Writing compelling fiction is a multifaceted process combining elements such as crafting a plot, developing interesting characters, and using evocative language. While large language models (LLMs) show promise for story writing, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Fantine Huot , Reinald Kim Amplayo , Jennimaria Palomaki , Alice Shoshana Jakobovits , Elizabeth Clark , Mirella Lapata

Prior efforts to create an autonomous computer system capable of predicting what a human being is thinking or feeling from facial expression data have been largely based on outdated, inaccurate models of how emotions work that rely on many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-06 Trevor Buteau , Damian Lyons

The evaluation of Deep Research Agents is a critical challenge, as conventional outcome-based metrics fail to capture the nuances of their complex reasoning. Current evaluation faces two primary challenges: 1) a reliance on singular metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Yanyu Chen , Jiyue Jiang , Jiahong Liu , Yifei Zhang , Xiao Guo , Irwin King

Reactions such as gestures, facial expressions, and vocalizations are an abundant, naturally occurring channel of information that humans provide during interactions. A robot or other agent could leverage an understanding of such implicit…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Yuchen Cui , Qiping Zhang , Alessandro Allievi , Peter Stone , Scott Niekum , W. Bradley Knox

Empathetic speech dialogue requires not only understanding linguistic content but also perceiving rich paralinguistic information such as prosody, tone, and emotional intensity for affective understandings. Existing speech-to-speech large…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Zhuoyue Gao , Xiaohui Wang , Xiaocui Yang , Wen Zhang , Daling Wang , Shi Feng , Yifei Zhang

Understanding emotions and responding accordingly is one of the biggest challenges of dialog systems. This paper presents EmpTransfo, a multi-head Transformer architecture for creating an empathetic dialog system. EmpTransfo utilizes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Rohola Zandie , Mohammad H. Mahoor

We introduce the concept of "empathic grounding" in conversational agents as an extension of Clark's conceptualization of grounding in conversation in which the grounding criterion includes listener empathy for the speaker's affective…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Mehdi Arjmand , Farnaz Nouraei , Ian Steenstra , Timothy Bickmore

Empathetic response generation aims to comprehend the cognitive and emotional states in dialogue utterances and generate proper responses. Psychological theories posit that comprehending emotional and cognitive states necessitates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zhou Yang , Zhaochun Ren , Yufeng Wang , Chao Chen , Haizhou Sun , Xiaofei Zhu , Xiangwen Liao

Empathy serves as a cornerstone in enabling prosocial behaviors, and can be evoked through sharing of personal experiences in stories. While empathy is influenced by narrative content, intuitively, people respond to the way a story is told…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Jocelyn Shen , Joel Mire , Hae Won Park , Cynthia Breazeal , Maarten Sap

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and task generalization. However, their application to structured data analysis remains fragile due to inconsistencies in schema…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Amit Rath

Empathetic response generation, aiming to understand the user's situation and feelings and respond empathically, is crucial in building human-like dialogue systems. Traditional approaches typically employ maximum likelihood estimation as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Hui Ma , Bo Zhang , Bo Xu , Jian Wang , Hongfei Lin , Xiao Sun

Open-domain conversational agents or chatbots are becoming increasingly popular in the natural language processing community. One of the challenges is enabling them to converse in an empathetic manner. Current neural response generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Anuradha Welivita , Pearl Pu

The capacity of empathy is crucial to the success of open-domain dialog systems. Due to its nature of multi-dimensionality, there are various factors that relate to empathy expression, such as communication mechanism, dialog act and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Chujie Zheng , Yong Liu , Wei Chen , Yongcai Leng , Minlie Huang

Agentic task-solving with Large Language Models (LLMs) requires multi-turn, multi-step interactions, often involving complex function calls and dynamic user-agent exchanges. Existing simulation-based data generation methods for such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Xingshan Zeng , Weiwen Liu , Lingzhi Wang , Liangyou Li , Fei Mi , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Empathy is a vital factor that contributes to mutual understanding, and joint problem-solving. In recent years, a growing number of studies have recognized the benefits of empathy and started to incorporate empathy in conversational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Aravind Sesagiri Raamkumar , Yinping Yang