Related papers: A nearly pristine star from the Large Magellanic C…

Sagittarius (Sgr) is a massive disrupted dwarf spheroidal galaxy in the Milky Way halo that has undergone several stripping events. Previous chemical studies were restricted mainly to a few, metal- rich ([Fe/H]~ -1) stars that suggested a…

The physical processes that establish the morphological evolution and the structural diversity of galaxies are key unknowns in extragalactic astrophysics. Here we report the finding of the morphologically-mature galaxy…

We report the results of a coherent study of three chemically anomalous metal-poor ([Fe/H] ~ -2) stars. These objects exhibit unusually low abundances of Mg, Si, Ca (alpha-elements) and Sr, Y, and Ba (neutron-capture elements). Our analyses…

(abridged) Search for planets around main-sequence (MS) stars more massive than the Sun is hindered by their hot and rapidly spinning atmospheres. This obstacle has been sidestepped by radial-velocity surveys of those stars on their post-MS…

The most iron-deficient stars in the Milky Way provide important observational constraints on the nature of astrophysical objects that have enriched the primordial gas with heavy elements from which these stars were formed. Among them, the…

We analyse ultra-deep JWST observations of the galaxy JADES-GS-z9-0 at z = 9.4327, and derive detailed stellar and interstellar medium (ISM) properties of this luminous (MUV=-20.43) high-redshift system. Complementary information from…

\sdsszeroeight\ (V = 11.4; [Fe/H] = $-$3.1) and \sdssonethree\ (V = 12.4; [Fe/H] = $-$3.2) were observed with the SDSS 2.5-m telescope as part of the SDSS-MARVELS spectroscopic pre-survey, and were identified as extremely metal-poor (EMP;…

We apply the phenomenological model used to explain the abundances of Fe and r-process elements in very metal-poor stars in the Galaxy to [Fe/H] of damped Ly alpha systems. It is assumed that the first stars formed after the Big Bang were…

We report the discovery of a stellar over-density 8$^{\circ}$ north of the center of the Small Magellanic Cloud (Small Magellanic Cloud Northern Over-Density; SMCNOD) using data from the first two years of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and…

Studies of the early chemical evolution of some larger dwarf galaxies ( $>10^7$ solar masses) are limited by the small number of stars known at low metallicities in these systems. Here we present metallicities and carbon abundances for…

Several planets have recently been discovered around old metal-poor stars, implying that these planets are also old, formed in the early Universe. The canonical theory suggests that the conditions for their formation could not have existed…

We observed six fields of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) with the Advanced Camera for Survey on board the Hubble Space Telescope in the F555W and F814W filters. These fields sample regions characterized by very different star and gas…

We present the stellar metallicities and multi-element abundances (C, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, and Fe) of 15 massive (log $M/M_\odot=10.2-11.2$) quiescent galaxies at z=1-3, derived from ultradeep JWST-SUSPENSE spectra. Compared to quiescent…

The formation of the first generations of stars at redshifts z > 15-20 signaled the transition from the simple initial state of the universe to one of increasing complexity. We here review recent progress in understanding the assembly…

Recent spectroscopic observations of globular clusters (GCs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) have discovered that one of the intermediate-age GC, NGC 1718 with [Fe/H]=-0.7 has an extremely low [Mg/Fe] ratio of ~-0.9. We propose that NGC…

Strong lensing offers a precious opportunity for studying the formation and early evolution of super star clusters that are rare in our cosmic backyard. The Sunburst Arc, a lensed Cosmic Noon galaxy, hosts a young super star cluster with…

We present first results concerning the metallicities and stellar populations of galaxies formed in a cosmologically motivated simulation. The calculations include dark matter, gas dynamics, radiation processes, star formation, supernovae…

[Abridged] The stellar Initial Mass Function (IMF) suggests that sub-solar stars form in very large numbers. Most attractive places for catching low-mass star formation in the act are young stellar clusters and associations, still…

We have carried out abundance analysis for a sample of high galactic latitude supergiants in search of evolved stars. We find that HD 27381 has atmospheric parameters and an abundance pattern very similar to that of the post-AGB star HD…

The Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope observed 184 carbon stars in the Magellanic Clouds. This sample reveals that the dust-production rate (DPR) from carbon stars generally increases with the pulsation period of the…