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We present a large-scale human evaluation benchmark for assessing cultural localisation in machine translation produced by state-of-the-art multilingual large language models (LLMs). Existing MT benchmarks emphasise token-level and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Madison Van Doren , Casey Ford , Jennifer Barajas , Riley VanMeter , Cory Holland

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have opened the door to culture-aware language tasks. We introduce the novel problem of adapting wine reviews across Chinese and English, which goes beyond literal translation by incorporating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Chenye Zou , Xingyue Wen , Tianyi Hu , Qian Janice Wang , Daniel Hershcovich

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in everyday communication, including multilingual interactions across different cultural contexts. While LLMs can now generate near-perfect literal translations, it remains unclear whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Helene Tenzer , Oumnia Abidi , Stefan Feuerriegel

Traditionally, success in multilingual machine translation can be attributed to three key factors in training data: large volume, diverse translation directions, and high quality. In the current practice of fine-tuning large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Dawei Zhu , Pinzhen Chen , Miaoran Zhang , Barry Haddow , Xiaoyu Shen , Dietrich Klakow

Large Language Models have garnered significant attention for their capabilities in multilingual natural language processing, while studies on risks associated with cross biases are limited to immediate context preferences. Cross-language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Qianying Liu , Katrina Qiyao Wang , Fei Cheng , Sadao Kurohashi

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated multilingual capabilities, yet they are mostly English-centric due to the imbalanced training corpora. While prior works have leveraged this bias to enhance multilingual performance through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Chaoqun Liu , Wenxuan Zhang , Yiran Zhao , Anh Tuan Luu , Lidong Bing

Texts written in different languages reflect different culturally-dependent beliefs of their writers. Thus, we expect multilingual LMs (MLMs), that are jointly trained on a concatenation of text in multiple languages, to encode different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Rochelle Choenni , Anne Lauscher , Ekaterina Shutova

Large language models (LLMs) provide detailed and impressive responses to queries in English. However, are they really consistent at responding to the same query in other languages? The popular way of evaluating for multilingual performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ashim Gupta , Maitrey Mehta , Zhichao Xu , Vivek Srikumar

Large language models (LLMs) are now deployed worldwide, inspiring a surge of benchmarks that measure their multilingual and multicultural abilities. However, these benchmarks prioritize generic language understanding or superficial…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly capable across global languages. However, the ability to communicate across languages does not necessarily translate to appropriate cultural representations. A key concern is US-centric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jonathan Rystrøm , Hannah Rose Kirk , Scott Hale

The rapid proliferation of LLMs has created a critical evaluation paradox: while LLMs claim multilingual proficiency, comprehensive non-machine-translated benchmarks exist for fewer than 30 languages, leaving >98% of the world's 7,000…

The breakthrough of generative large language models (LLMs) that can solve different tasks through chat interaction has led to a significant increase in the use of general benchmarks to assess the quality or performance of these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Fabio Barth , Georg Rehm

Cultural biases in multilingual datasets pose significant challenges for their effectiveness as global benchmarks. These biases stem not only from differences in language but also from the cultural knowledge required to interpret questions,…

LLMs are increasingly being deployed for multilingual applications and have demonstrated impressive translation capabilities between several low and high-resource languages. An aspect of translation that often gets overlooked is that of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Pushpdeep Singh , Mayur Patidar , Lovekesh Vig

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into global applications necessitates effective cultural alignment for meaningful and culturally-sensitive interactions. Current LLMs often lack the nuanced understanding required for diverse…

We evaluate the moral alignment of LLMs with human preferences in multilingual trolley problems. Building on the Moral Machine experiment, which captures over 40 million human judgments across 200+ countries, we develop a cross-lingual…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being adopted in educational settings. These applications expand beyond English, though current LLMs remain primarily English-centric. In this work, we ascertain if their use in education…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Vansh Gupta , Sankalan Pal Chowdhury , Vilém Zouhar , Donya Rooein , Mrinmaya Sachan

Recent studies have highlighted the presence of cultural biases in Large Language Models (LLMs), yet often lack a robust methodology to dissect these phenomena comprehensively. Our work aims to bridge this gap by delving into the Food…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Li Zhou , Taelin Karidi , Wanlong Liu , Nicolas Garneau , Yong Cao , Wenyu Chen , Haizhou Li , Daniel Hershcovich

We introduce MENAValues, a novel benchmark designed to evaluate the cultural alignment and multilingual biases of large language models (LLMs) with respect to the beliefs and values of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Pardis Sadat Zahraei , Ehsaneddin Asgari
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