Related papers: The clock theorem for knotoids and linkoids

A knot in a thickened surface $K$ is a smooth embedding $K:S^1 \rightarrow \Sigma \times [0,1]$, where $\Sigma$ is a closed, connected, orientable surface. There is a bijective correspondence between knots in $S^2 \times [0,1]$ and knots in…

In [Jo14] and [Jo18] Vaughan Jones introduced a construction which yields oriented knots and links from elements of the oriented Thompson group $\vec{F}$. In this paper we prove, by analogy with Alexander's classical theorem establishing…

The presence of slipknots in configurations of proteins and DNA has been shown to affect their functionality, or alter it entirely. Historically, polymers are modeled as polygonal chains in space. As an alternative to space curves, we…

In this paper, we study distribution of the zeros of the Alexander polynomials of knots and links in S^3. We call a knot or link "real stable" (resp. "circular stable") if all the zeros of its Alexander polynomial are real (resp. unit…

We give a simple example showing that a knot or link diagram that lies in the ${\mathbb{Z}}^2$ lattice is not necessarily the projection of a lattice stick knot or link in the ${\mathbb{Z}}^3$ lattice, and we give a necessary and sufficient…

In classical knot theory, Markov's theorem gives a way of describing all braids with isotopic closures as links in $\mathbb{R}^3$. We present a version of Markov's theorem for extended loop braids with closure in $B^3 \times S^1$, as a…

We say that a link $L_1$ is an s-major of a link $L_2$ if any diagram of $L_1$ can be transformed into a diagram of $L_2$ by changing some crossings and smoothing some crossings. This relation is a partial ordering on the set of all prime…

In this paper, we construct mock Alexander polynomials for starred links and linkoids in surfaces. These polynomials are defined as specific sums over states of link or linkoid diagrams that satisfy $f=n$, where $f$ denotes the number of…

The notion of free link is a generalized notion of virtual link. In the present paper we define the group of free braids, prove the Alexander theorem that all free links can be obtained as closures of free braids and prove a Markov theorem,…

As a generalization of the classical knots, knotoids deal with the open ended knot diagrams in a surface. In recent years, many polynomial invariants for knotoids have appeared, such as the bracket polynomial, the index polynomial and the…

In the classical knot theory there is a well-known notion of descending diagram. From an arbitrary diagram one can easily obtain, by some crossing changes, a descending diagram which is a diagram of the unknot or unlink. In this paper the…

We consider oriented knots and links in a handlebody of genus $g$ through appropriate braid representatives in $S^3$, which are elements of the braid groups $B_{g,n}$. We prove a geometric version of the Markov theorem for braid equivalence…

Bonded knots arise naturally in topological protein modeling, where intramolecular interactions such as disulfide bridges stabilize folded configurations. These structures extend classical knot theory by incorporating embedded graphs, and…

In this paper we investigate the Alexander polynomial of (1,1)-knots, which are knots lying in a 3-manifold with genus one at most, admitting a particular decomposition. More precisely, we study the connections between the Alexander…

We introduce a new combinatorial method to encode knots and links with applications to knot invariants. Clasp diagrams defined in this paper are combinatorial blueprints for building knot diagrams out of full twists on two strings rather…

We consider an analogue of well-known Casson knot invariant for knotoids. We start with a direct analogue of the classical construction which gives two different integer-valued knotoid invariants and then focus on its homology extension.…

In this paper we study the theory of multi-knotoids in the annulus and in the torus, building up from the theory of planar knotoids to the theory of toroidal knotoids through the theory of annular knotoids. We introduce the concept of…

A transverse knot is a knot that is transverse to the planes of the standard contact structure on real 3-space. In this paper we prove the Markov Theorem for transverse braids, which states that two transverse closed braids that are…

In this paper we look at which Alexander and Markov theories can be defined for generalized knot theories

We introduce "book links" as a generalization of braids in open book decompositions; this new class of objects includes both braids and plats as special cases. We then prove a version of Markov's theorem in this general setting by extending…