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Small language models (SLMs) are increasingly used for financial classification due to their fast inference and local deployability. However, compared with large language models, SLMs are more prone to factual hallucinations in reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Han Yuan , Yilin Wu , Li Zhang , Zheng Ma

Generative image reconstruction algorithms such as measurement conditioned diffusion models are increasingly popular in the field of medical imaging. These powerful models can transform low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) inputs into outputs…

Medical Physics · Physics 2024-07-18 Matthew Tivnan , Siyeop Yoon , Zhennong Chen , Xiang Li , Dufan Wu , Quanzheng Li

Machine-learned language models have transformed everyday life: they steer us when we study, drive, manage money. They have the potential to transform our civilization. But they hallucinate. Their realities are virtual. This note provides a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Dusko Pavlovic

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet their tendency to hallucinate poses serious challenges for reliable deployment. Despite numerous hallucination detection methods, their evaluations often rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Denis Janiak , Jakub Binkowski , Albert Sawczyn , Bogdan Gabrys , Ravid Shwartz-Ziv , Tomasz Kajdanowicz

In the age of misinformation, hallucination - the tendency of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate non-factual or unfaithful responses - represents the main risk for their global utility. Despite LLMs becoming increasingly multilingual,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Saad Obaid ul Islam , Anne Lauscher , Goran Glavaš

Vision Language models (VLMs) often hallucinate non-existent objects. Detecting hallucination is analogous to detecting deception: a single final statement is insufficient, one must examine the underlying reasoning process. Yet existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Abin Shoby , Ta Duc Huy , Tuan Dung Nguyen , Minh Khoi Ho , Qi Chen , Anton van den Hengel , Phi Le Nguyen , Johan W. Verjans , Vu Minh Hieu Phan

Large Language Models (LLMs), including GPT-3.5, LLaMA, and PaLM, seem to be knowledgeable and able to adapt to many tasks. However, we still cannot completely trust their answers, since LLMs suffer from \textbf{hallucination}\textemdash…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Jia-Yu Yao , Kun-Peng Ning , Zhen-Hui Liu , Mu-Nan Ning , Yu-Yang Liu , Li Yuan

This paper primarily focuses on the hallucinations caused due to AI language models(LLMs).LLMs have shown extraordinary Language understanding and generation capabilities .Still it has major a disadvantage hallucinations which give outputs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Sailesh kiran kurra , Shiek Ruksana , Vishal Borusu

Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs), plausible but factually inaccurate text, are often viewed as undesirable. However, recent work suggests that such outputs may hold creative potential. In this paper, we investigate whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Shuzhou Yuan , Zhan Qu , Ashish Yashwanth Kangen , Michael Färber

Generative super-resolution (GSR) currently sets the state-of-the-art in terms of perceptual image quality, overcoming the "regression-to-the-mean" blur of prior non-generative models. However, from a human perspective, such models do not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Weiming Ren , Raghav Goyal , Zhiming Hu , Tristan Ty Aumentado-Armstrong , Iqbal Mohomed , Alex Levinshtein

Hallucinations are an inescapable consequence of solving inverse problems with deep neural networks. The expressiveness of recent generative models is the reason why they can yield results far superior to conventional regularizers; it can…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-26 Matt L. Sampson , Peter Melchior

With the widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs), hallucinations, which are non-factual fabrications in model outputs, have become serious concerns. Reasoning capabilities have received attention as a self-verification process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Junichiro Niimi

Recent technical breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) have enabled them to fluently generate source code. Software developers often leverage both general-purpose and code-specialized LLMs to revise existing code or even generate a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Yunseo Lee , John Youngeun Song , Dongsun Kim , Jindae Kim , Mijung Kim , Jaechang Nam

Vision-language models (VLMs) achieve strong multimodal performance but remain prone to relation hallucination, which requires accurate reasoning over inter-object interactions. We study the impact of visual perturbations, specifically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Philip Wootaek Shin , Ajay Narayanan Sridhar , Sivani Devarapalli , Rui Zhang , Jack Sampson , Vijaykrishnan Narayanan

To explore the feasibility of avoiding the confident error (or hallucination) of generation models (GMs), we formalise the system of GMs as a class of stochastic dynamical systems through the lens of control theory. Numerous factors can be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-20 Cheng Kang , Xinye Chen , Daniel Novak , Xujing Yao

Score-based diffusion models have achieved incredible performance in generating realistic images, audio, and video data. While these models produce high-quality samples with impressive details, they often introduce unrealistic artifacts,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Rui Lu , Runzhe Wang , Kaifeng Lyu , Xitai Jiang , Gao Huang , Mengdi Wang

Whole slide image (WSI) normalization remains a vital preprocessing step in computational pathology. Increasingly driven by deep learning, these models learn to approximate data distributions from training examples. This often results in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Karel Moens , Matthew B. Blaschko , Tinne Tuytelaars , Bart Diricx , Jonas De Vylder , Mustafa Yousif

Code generation aims to automatically generate code from input requirements, significantly enhancing development efficiency. Recent large language models (LLMs) based approaches have shown promising results and revolutionized code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Ziyao Zhang , Yanlin Wang , Chong Wang , Jiachi Chen , Zibin Zheng

Concerns regarding the propensity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to produce inaccurate outputs, also known as hallucinations, have escalated. Detecting them is vital for ensuring the reliability of applications relying on LLM-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Ernesto Quevedo , Jorge Yero , Rachel Koerner , Pablo Rivas , Tomas Cerny

Language models continue to hallucinate despite increases in parameters, compute, and data. We propose neural diversity -- decorrelated parallel representations -- as a principled mechanism that reduces hallucination rates at fixed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Kushal Chakrabarti , Nirmal Balachundhar