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Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have recently become central tools for interpretability, leveraging dictionary learning principles to extract sparse, interpretable features from neural representations whose underlying structure is typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Valérie Costa , Thomas Fel , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Bahareh Tolooshams , Demba Ba

In this paper, we propose a new unsupervised feature learning framework, namely Deep Sparse Coding (DeepSC), that extends sparse coding to a multi-layer architecture for visual object recognition tasks. The main innovation of the framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-12-23 Yunlong He , Koray Kavukcuoglu , Yun Wang , Arthur Szlam , Yanjun Qi

Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) are powerful tools for interpreting neural representations, yet their use in audio remains underexplored. We train SAEs across all encoder layers of Whisper and HuBERT, provide an extensive evaluation of their…

As AI models achieve remarkable capabilities across diverse domains, understanding what representations they learn and how they encode concepts has become increasingly important for both scientific progress and trustworthy deployment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yiming Tang , Harshvardhan Saini , Zhaoqian Yao , Zheng Lin , Yizhen Liao , Jingyi Cui , Yisen Wang , Mengnan Du , Dianbo Liu

The prevalent use of commercial and open-source diffusion models (DMs) for text-to-image generation prompts risk mitigation to prevent undesired behaviors. Existing concept erasing methods in academia are all based on full parameter or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Mengyao Lyu , Yuhong Yang , Haiwen Hong , Hui Chen , Xuan Jin , Yuan He , Hui Xue , Jungong Han , Guiguang Ding

Recent advances in text-to-image diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable generation capabilities, yet they raise significant concerns regarding safety, copyright, and ethical implications. Existing concept erasure methods address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yi Sun , Xinhao Zhong , Hongyan Li , Yimin Zhou , Junhao Li , Bin Chen , Xuan Wang

The Universality Hypothesis in large language models (LLMs) claims that different models converge towards similar concept representations in their latent spaces. Providing evidence for this hypothesis would enable researchers to exploit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Michael Lan , Philip Torr , Austin Meek , Ashkan Khakzar , David Krueger , Fazl Barez

Large-scale pre-trained vision-language models like CLIP demonstrate remarkable zero-shot performance across diverse tasks. However, fine-tuning these models to improve downstream performance often degrades robustness against distribution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Fabian Morelli , Arnas Uselis , Ankit Sonthalia , Seong Joon Oh

Concept erasure, which fine-tunes diffusion models to remove undesired or harmful visual concepts, has become a mainstream approach to mitigating unsafe or illegal image generation in text-to-image models.However, existing removal methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Hao Chen , Yiwei Wang , Songze Li

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have emerged as a powerful tool for interpreting large language models (LLMs) by decomposing token activations into combinations of human-understandable features. While SAEs provide crucial insights into LLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zhen Xu , Zhen Tan , Song Wang , Kaidi Xu , Tianlong Chen

Sparse Autoencoder (SAE) has emerged as a powerful tool for mechanistic interpretability of large language models. Recent works apply SAE to protein language models (PLMs), aiming to extract and analyze biologically meaningful features from…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-21 Xiangyu Liu , Haodi Lei , Yi Liu , Yang Liu , Wei Hu

In this study, we examine the representation learning abilities of Denoising Diffusion Models (DDM) that were originally purposed for image generation. Our philosophy is to deconstruct a DDM, gradually transforming it into a classical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Xinlei Chen , Zhuang Liu , Saining Xie , Kaiming He

Image Generation models are a trending topic nowadays, with many people utilizing Artificial Intelligence models in order to generate images. There are many such models which, given a prompt of a text, will generate an image which depicts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Udaya Shreyas , L. N. Aadarsh

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) provide a powerful mechanism for decomposing the dense representations produced by Large Language Models (LLMs) into interpretable latent features. We posit that SAEs constitute a natural foundation for Learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Thibault Formal , Maxime Louis , Hervé Dejean , Stéphane Clinchant

Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) have shown promise in improving the interpretability of neural network activations, but can learn features that are not features of the input, limiting their effectiveness. We propose \textsc{Mutual Feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Luke Marks , Alasdair Paren , David Krueger , Fazl Barez

Adapting foundation models for specific purposes has become a standard approach to build machine learning systems for downstream applications. Yet, it is an open question which mechanisms take place during adaptation. Here we develop a new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Hyesu Lim , Jinho Choi , Jaegul Choo , Steffen Schneider

Erasing specific concepts from text-to-image diffusion models is essential for avoiding the generation of copyrighted and explicit content. Closed-form concept erasure methods offer a fast alternative to backpropagation-based techniques,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Nicola Novello , Andrea M. Tonello

Visual concept discovery has long been deemed important to improve interpretability of neural networks, because a bank of semantically meaningful concepts would provide us with a starting point for building machine learning models that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Haiyang Huang , Zhi Chen , Cynthia Rudin

Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) have emerged as a powerful unsupervised method for extracting sparse representations from language models, yet scalable training remains a significant challenge. We introduce a suite of 256 SAEs, trained on each…

Recent advances in machine unlearning have focused on developing algorithms to remove specific training samples from a trained model. In contrast, we observe that not all models are equally easy to unlearn. Hence, we introduce a family of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Amber Yijia Zheng , Yu-Shan Tai , Raymond A. Yeh
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