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Multi-model ensembles provide a pragmatic approach to the representation of model uncertainty in climate prediction. However, such representations are inherently ad hoc, and, as shown, probability distributions of climate variables based on…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2009-08-26 T. N. Palmer , F. J. Doblas-Reyes , A. Weisheimer , G. J. Shutts , J. Berner , J. M. Murphy

Spatio-temporal prediction plays a crucial role in intelligent transportation, weather forecasting, and urban planning. While integrating multi-modal data has shown potential for enhancing prediction accuracy, key challenges persist: (i)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yuting Huang , Ziquan Fang , Zhihao Zeng , Lu Chen , Yunjun Gao

This paper presents a new precipitation dataset that is daily, has a spatial resolution of one degree on a quasi-global scale, and spans more than 42 years, using machine learning techniques. The ultimate goal of this dataset is to provide…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-09-17 Hiroshi G. Takahashi

Probabilistic forecasting is crucial for real-world spatiotemporal systems, such as climate, energy, and urban environments, where quantifying uncertainty is essential for informed, risk-aware decision-making. While diffusion models have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhi Sheng , Yuan Yuan , Yudi Zhang , Jingtao Ding , Yong Li

Low-cost air pollution sensor networks are increasingly being deployed globally, supplementing sparse regulatory monitoring with localized air quality data. In some areas, like Baltimore, Maryland, there are only few regulatory (reference)…

Applications · Statistics 2025-09-11 Claire Heffernan , Kirsten Koehler , Drew R. Gentner , Roger D. Peng , Abhirup Datta

Constructing high resolution air pollution maps at lower cost is crucial for sustainable city management and public health risk assessment. However, traditional fixed-site monitoring lacks spatial coverage, while mobile low-cost sensors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Rui Xu , Dawen Yao , Yuzhuang Pian , Ruhui Cao , Yixin Fu , Xinru Yang , Ting Gan , Yonghong Liu

Air pollution represents a pivotal environmental challenge globally, playing a major role in climate change via greenhouse gas emissions and negatively affecting the health of billions. However predicting the spatial and temporal patterns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Madhav Khirwar , Ankur Narang

This research paper presents an approach to enhancing the predictive capability of architects in the design and assurance of systems, focusing on systems operating in dynamic and unpredictable environments. By adopting a systems approach,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Haider AL-Shareefy , Michael Butler , Thai Son Hoang

This paper presents a novel spatio-temporal LSTM (SPATIAL) architecture for time series forecasting applied to environmental datasets. The framework was evaluated across multiple sensors and for three different oceanic variables: current…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-08-27 Yihao Hu , Fearghal O'Donncha , Paulito Palmes , Meredith Burke , Ramon Filgueira , Jon Grant

Air quality and human exposure to mobile source pollutants have become major concerns in urban transportation. Existing studies mainly focus on mitigating traffic congestion and reducing carbon footprints, with limited understanding of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-06-29 Xuanpeng Zhao , Guoyuan Wu , Akula Venkatram , Ji Luo , Peng Hao , Kanok Boriboonsomsin , Shaohua Hu

Exposure to poor indoor air quality poses significant health risks, necessitating thorough assessment to mitigate associated dangers. This study aims to predict hourly indoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations and investigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Wenhua Yu , Bahareh Nakisa , Seng W. Loke , Svetlana Stevanovic , Yuming Guo , Mohammad Naim Rastgoo

In air pollution studies, dispersion models provide estimates of concentration at grid level covering the entire spatial domain, and are then calibrated against measurements from monitoring stations. However, these different data sources…

Applications · Statistics 2020-08-17 Chiara Forlani , Samir Bhatt , Michela Cameletti , Elias Krainski , Marta Blangiardo

Conjunction assessment requires knowledge of the uncertainty in the predicted orbit. Errors in the atmospheric density are a major source of error in the prediction of low Earth orbits. Therefore, accurate estimation of the density and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-24 David J. Gondelach , Richard Linares

When assessing the short term effect of air pollution on health outcomes, it is common practice to consider one pollutant at a time, due to their high correlation. Multi pollutant methods have been recently proposed, mainly consisting of…

Applications · Statistics 2019-06-19 Marta Blangiardo , Monica Pirani , Lauren Kanapka , Anna Hansell , Gary Fuller

The release of toxic gases by industries, emissions from vehicles, and an increase in the concentration of harmful gases and particulate matter in the atmosphere are all contributing factors to the deterioration of the quality of the air.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-09 O. E. Taylor , P. S. Ezekiel

Causal inference in spatial domains faces two intertwined challenges: (1) unmeasured spatial factors, such as weather, air pollution, or mobility, that confound treatment and outcome, and (2) interference from nearby treatments that violate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Ayush Khot , Miruna Oprescu , Maresa Schröder , Ai Kagawa , Xihaier Luo

Many important phenomena in scientific fields like climate, neuroscience, and epidemiology are naturally represented as spatiotemporal gridded data with complex interactions. Inferring causal relationships from these data is a challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Kun Wang , Sumanth Varambally , Duncan Watson-Parris , Yi-An Ma , Rose Yu

Precipitation nowcasting is a critical spatio-temporal prediction task for society to prevent severe damage owing to extreme weather events. Despite the advances in this field, the complex and stochastic nature of this task still poses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Shi Quan Foo , Chi-Ho Wong , Zhihan Gao , Dit-Yan Yeung , Ka-Hing Wong , Wai-Kin Wong

Air quality has become one of the main issues in public health and urban planning management, due to the proven adverse effects of high pollutant concentrations. Considering the mitigation measures that cities all over the world are taking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Rodrigo de Medrano , Víctor de Buen Remiro , José L. Aznarte

This paper presents an open platform, which collects multimodal environmental data related to air quality from several sources including official open sources, social media and citizens. Collecting and fusing different sources of air…

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