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In-Context Learning (ICL) is an essential emergent ability of Large Language Models (LLMs), and recent studies introduce Chain-of-Thought (CoT) to exemplars of ICL to enhance the reasoning capability, especially in mathematics tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Xiang Cheng , Chengyan Pan , Minjun Zhao , Deyang Li , Fangchao Liu , Xinyu Zhang , Xiao Zhang , Yong Liu

Recent advancements in large language models have demonstrated how chain-of-thought (CoT) and reinforcement learning (RL) can improve performance. However, applying such reasoning strategies to the visual generation domain remains largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Dongzhi Jiang , Ziyu Guo , Renrui Zhang , Zhuofan Zong , Hao Li , Le Zhuo , Shilin Yan , Pheng-Ann Heng , Hongsheng Li

Reasoning capability is pivotal for Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve complex tasks, yet achieving reliable and scalable reasoning remains challenging. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has become a mainstream approach, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Honglin Lin , Qizhi Pei , Xin Gao , Zhuoshi Pan , Yu Li , Juntao Li , Conghui He , Lijun Wu

Chain of Thought (CoT) prompting improves the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs) by encouraging step by step thinking. However, CoT-based methods depend on intermediate reasoning steps, which limits scalability and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Guanghao Li , Wenhao Jiang , Mingfeng Chen , Yan Li , Hao Yu , Shuting Dong , Tao Ren , Ming Tang , Chun Yuan

Logical reasoning is a critical benchmark for evaluating the capabilities of large language models (LLMs), as it reflects their ability to derive valid conclusions from given premises. While the combination of test-time scaling with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Ramya Keerthy Thatikonda , Wray Buntine , Ehsan Shareghi

General reasoning represents a long-standing and formidable challenge in artificial intelligence. Recent breakthroughs, exemplified by large language models (LLMs) and chain-of-thought prompting, have achieved considerable success on…

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Human beings naturally utilize multiple reasoning modalities to learn and solve logical problems, i.e., different representational formats such as natural language, code, and symbolic logic. In contrast, most existing LLM-based approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Tong Zheng , Lichang Chen , Simeng Han , R. Thomas McCoy , Heng Huang

Recent studies have discovered that Chain-of-Thought prompting (CoT) can dramatically improve the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly when dealing with complex tasks involving mathematics or reasoning. Despite the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Guhao Feng , Bohang Zhang , Yuntian Gu , Haotian Ye , Di He , Liwei Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are typically constrained to reason in the language space, where they express the reasoning process through a chain-of-thought (CoT) to solve complex problems. However, the language space may not always be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Shibo Hao , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar , DiJia Su , Xian Li , Zhiting Hu , Jason Weston , Yuandong Tian

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance on complex reasoning tasks, especially when equipped with long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning. However, eliciting long CoT typically requires large-scale reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Huiyuan Lai , Malvina Nissim

Chain-of-Thought significantly enhances a model's reasoning capability, but it also comes with a considerable increase in inference costs due to long chains. With the observation that the reasoning path can be easily compressed under easy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Xinyin Ma , Guangnian Wan , Runpeng Yu , Gongfan Fang , Xinchao Wang

Learning complex functions that involve multi-step reasoning poses a significant challenge for standard supervised learning from input-output examples. Chain-of-thought (CoT) supervision, which provides intermediate reasoning steps together…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-23 Awni Altabaa , Omar Montasser , John Lafferty

Language models trained via outcome-based reinforcement learning (RL) to reason using chain-of-thought (CoT) have shown remarkable performance. Monitoring such a model's CoT may allow us to understand its intentions and detect potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Arun Jose

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has emerged as a powerful technique for improving the problem-solving capabilities of large language models (LLMs), particularly for tasks requiring multi-step reasoning. However, recent studies show that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Hadi Mohammadi , Tamas Kozak , Anastasia Giachanou

Most efforts to improve the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) involve either scaling the number of parameters and the size of training data, or scaling inference computation by letting models generate complex chains of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yeskendir Koishekenov , Aldo Lipani , Nicola Cancedda

Long chain-of-thought reasoning (Long CoT) is now fundamental to state-of-the-art LLMs, especially in mathematical reasoning. However, LLM generation is highly sequential, and long CoTs lead to a high latency. We propose to train…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Arvind Mahankali , Kaiyue Wen , Tengyu Ma

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has become the standard paradigm for enabling Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve complex problems. However, recent studies reveal a sharp performance drop in reasoning hop generalization scenarios, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Zhaoyi Li , Jiatong Li , Gangwei Jiang , Linqi Song , Defu Lian , Ying Wei

Modern language models address complex questions through chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning (Wei et al., 2023) and retrieval augmentation (Lewis et al., 2021), yet struggle with error propagation and knowledge integration. Tree-structured…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ahmed Bahloul , Simon Malberg

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has significantly advanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). While prior work focuses on improving model performance through internal reasoning strategies, little is known about the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Leo Lu , Jonathan Zhang , Sean Chua , Spencer Kim , Kevin Zhu , Sean O'Brien , Vasu Sharma

Reasoning post-training improves Large Language Models (LLMs) on complex tasks such as mathematics and coding, but its benefits across diverse multimodal tasks remains uncertain. The trend of releasing parallel "Instruct" and "Thinking"…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ruobing Zheng , Tianqi Li , Jianing Li , Qingpei Guo , Yi Yuan , Jingdong Chen