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Large language models (LLMs) are transforming research on machine learning while galvanizing public debates. Understanding not only when these models work well and succeed but also why they fail and misbehave is of great societal relevance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Julian Coda-Forno , Kristin Witte , Akshay K. Jagadish , Marcel Binz , Zeynep Akata , Eric Schulz

Modern language models are trained on large amounts of data. These data inevitably include controversial and stereotypical content, which contains all sorts of biases related to gender, origin, age, etc. As a result, the models express…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Aleksandra Sorokovikova , Pavel Chizhov , Iuliia Eremenko , Ivan P. Yamshchikov

As large language models (LLMs) become an important way of information access, there have been increasing concerns that LLMs may intensify the spread of unethical content, including implicit bias that hurts certain populations without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Yuchen Wen , Keping Bi , Wei Chen , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Recent advancements in Large Language Models(LLMs) have been notable, yet widespread enterprise adoption remains limited due to various constraints. This paper examines bias in LLMs-a crucial issue affecting their usability, reliability,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Vishal Mirza , Rahul Kulkarni , Aakanksha Jadhav

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) as tool-using agents causes their alignment training to manifest in new ways. Recent work finds that language models can use tools in ways that contradict the interests or explicit instructions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Kushal Agrawal , Frank Xiao , Guido Bergman , Asa Cooper Stickland

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used to simulate human-like decision making in agent-based financial market models (ABMs). As models become more powerful and accessible, researchers can now incorporate individual LLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Alicia Vidler , Toby Walsh

This study investigates the behaviors of Large Language Models (LLMs) when faced with conflicting prompts versus their internal memory. This will not only help to understand LLMs' decision mechanism but also benefit real-world applications,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Jiahao Ying , Yixin Cao , Kai Xiong , Yidong He , Long Cui , Yongbin Liu

Due to the implement of guardrails by developers, Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in explicit bias tests. However, bias in LLMs may occur not only explicitly, but also implicitly, much like humans who…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Xinru Lin , Luyang Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in clinical settings, raising concerns about racial bias in both generated medical text and clinical reasoning. Existing studies have identified bias in medical LLMs, but many focus on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sihao Xing , Zaur Gouliev

Insider threats wield an outsized influence on organizations, disproportionate to their small numbers. This is due to the internal access insiders have to systems, information, and infrastructure. %One example of this influence is where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Haywood Gelman , John D. Hastings

Assessing soft skills such as empathy, ethical judgment, and communication is essential in competitive selection processes, yet human scoring is often inconsistent and biased. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have improved Automated Essay…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ryan Huynh , Frank Guerin , Alison Callwood

Large Language Models (LLMs) often perpetuate biases in pronoun usage, leading to misrepresentation or exclusion of queer individuals. This paper addresses the specific problem of biased pronoun usage in LLM outputs, particularly the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Tianyi Huang , Arya Somasundaram

This paper calls on the research community not only to investigate how human biases are inherited by large language models (LLMs) but also to explore how these biases in LLMs can be leveraged to make society's "unwritten code" - such as…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Honglin Bao , Siyang Wu , Jiwoong Choi , Yingrong Mao , James A. Evans

Multi-agent systems built on Large Language Models (LLMs) show exceptional promise for complex collaborative problem-solving, yet they face fundamental challenges stemming from context window limitations that impair memory consistency, role…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Sizhe Yuen , Francisco Gomez Medina , Ting Su , Yali Du , Adam J. Sobey

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in real-world decision-making processes, it becomes crucial to examine the extent to which they exhibit cognitive biases. Extensively studied in the field of psychology, cognitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 R. Alexander Knipper , Charles S. Knipper , Kaiqi Zhang , Valerie Sims , Clint Bowers , Santu Karmaker

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in applications with societal impact, raising concerns about the cultural biases they encode. We probe these representations by evaluating whether LLMs can perform author profiling from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Valentin Lafargue , Ariel Guerra-Adames , Emmanuelle Claeys , Elouan Vuichard , Jean-Michel Loubes

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as Mistral and LLaMA have showcased remarkable performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Despite their success, these models inherit social biases from the diverse datasets on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Nirmalendu Prakash , Lee Ka Wei Roy

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly being adopted by users across the globe, who interact with them in a diverse range of languages. At the same time, there are well-documented imbalances in the training data and optimisation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Bram Bulté , Ayla Rigouts Terryn

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to assist ideation in research, but evaluating the quality of LLM-generated research proposals remains difficult: novelty and soundness are hard to measure automatically, and large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Heng Wang , Pengcheng Jiang , Jiashuo Sun , Zhiyi Shi , Haofei Yu , Jiawei Han , Heng Ji

Large Language Models (LLMs) are capable of generating opinions and propagating bias unknowingly, originating from unrepresentative and non-diverse data collection. Prior research has analysed these opinions with respect to the West,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Hari Shankar , Vedanta S P , Tejas Cavale , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru , Abhijnan Chakraborty
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