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Federated Learning (FL) is a collaborative learning framework designed to protect client data, yet it remains highly vulnerable to Intellectual Property (IP) threats. Model extraction (ME) attacks pose a significant risk to Machine Learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Sayyed Farid Ahamed , Sandip Roy , Soumya Banerjee , Marc Vucovich , Kevin Choi , Abdul Rahman , Alison Hu , Edward Bowen , Sachin Shetty

With the recent advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), generating functionally correct code has become less complicated for a wide array of developers. While using LLMs has sped up the functional development process, it poses a heavy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Nafis Tanveer Islam , Mohammad Bahrami Karkevandi , Peyman Najafirad

Large language models demonstrate powerful capabilities across various natural language processing tasks, yet they also harbor safety vulnerabilities. To enhance LLM safety, various jailbreak defense methods have been proposed to guard…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Junbo Zhang , Ran Chen , Qianli Zhou , Xinyang Deng , Wen Jiang

Multi-turn jailbreak attacks simulate real-world human interactions by engaging large language models (LLMs) in iterative dialogues, exposing critical safety vulnerabilities. However, existing methods often struggle to balance semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Zonghao Ying , Deyue Zhang , Zonglei Jing , Yisong Xiao , Quanchen Zou , Aishan Liu , Siyuan Liang , Xiangzheng Zhang , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

With the great advancements in large language models (LLMs), adversarial attacks against LLMs have recently attracted increasing attention. We found that pre-existing adversarial attack methodologies exhibit limited transferability and are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Zelin Li , Kehai Chen , Lemao Liu , Xuefeng Bai , Mingming Yang , Yang Xiang , Min Zhang

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has introduced significant challenges in moderating user-model interactions. While LLMs demonstrate remarkable capabilities, they remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks, particularly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Ivan Bakulin , Ilia Kopanichuk , Iaroslav Bespalov , Nikita Radchenko , Vladimir Shaposhnikov , Dmitry Dylov , Ivan Oseledets

Recent advancements in visual context compression enable MLLMs to process ultra-long contexts efficiently by rendering text into images. However, we identify a critical vulnerability inherent to this paradigm: lowering image resolution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zhixue Song , Boyan Han , Yiwei Wang , Chi Zhang

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence-generated content (AIGC) technologies, including multimodal large language models (MLLMs) and diffusion models, image generation and manipulation have become remarkably effortless.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Rui Zuo , Qinyue Tong , Zhe-Ming Lu , Ziqian Lu

Jailbreaking large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a critical security challenge with the widespread deployment of conversational AI systems. Adversarial users exploit these models through carefully crafted prompts to elicit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Sri Durga Sai Sowmya Kadali , Evangelos E. Papalexakis

Large Language Model (LLM) alignment remains vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that elicit unsafe responses, motivating pre-model and post-model guards. Pre-model guards audit the safety of prompts before invoking target models. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Hongyu Cai , Arjun Arunasalam , Yiming Liang , Antonio Bianchi , Z. Berkay Celik

By incorporating visual inputs, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) extend LLMs to support visual reasoning. However, this integration also introduces new vulnerabilities, making MLLMs susceptible to multimodal jailbreak attacks and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Beitao Chen , Xinyu Lyu , Lianli Gao , Jingkuan Song , Heng Tao Shen

Vision-language pre-training (VLP) models exhibit remarkable capabilities in comprehending both images and text, yet they remain susceptible to multimodal adversarial examples (AEs). Strengthening attacks and uncovering vulnerabilities,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Sensen Gao , Xiaojun Jia , Xuhong Ren , Ivor Tsang , Qing Guo

Transfer learning across different reinforcement learning (RL) tasks is becoming an increasingly valuable area of research. We consider a goal-based multi-task RL framework and mechanisms by which previously solved tasks can reduce sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Nick Denis

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have transformed multi-modal understanding, excelling in tasks like image captioning and visual question answering by integrating visual and textual inputs. However, their robustness against adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Xiang Fang , Wanlong Fang , Changshuo Wang

In recent years, the security vulnerabilities of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have become a serious concern in the Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) research. These highly intelligent models, capable of performing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Badhan Chandra Das , Md Tasnim Jawad , Joaquin Molto , M. Hadi Amini , Yanzhao Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities but remain vulnerable to adversarial manipulations such as jailbreaking, where crafted prompts bypass safety mechanisms. Understanding the causal factors behind such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Wei Zhao , Zhe Li , Jun Sun

Large Language Diffusion Models (LLDMs) exhibit comparable performance to LLMs while offering distinct advantages in inference speed and mathematical reasoning tasks.The precise and rapid generation capabilities of LLDMs amplify concerns of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Yuanhe Zhang , Fangzhou Xie , Zhenhong Zhou , Zherui Li , Hao Chen , Kun Wang , Yufei Guo

Large Audio-language Models (LAMs) have recently enabled powerful speech-based interactions by coupling audio encoders with Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the security of LAMs under adversarial attacks remains underexplored,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Hongyi Li , Chengxuan Zhou , Chu Wang , Sicheng Liang , Yanting Chen , Qinlin Xie , Jiawei Ye , Jie Wu

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) demonstrate strong capabilities in multimodal reasoning and many real-world applications, such as visual question answering. However, LVLMs are highly vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks. This paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Badhan Chandra Das , Md Tasnim Jawad , Md Jueal Mia , M. Hadi Amini , Yanzhao Wu

Despite their superb capabilities, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been shown to be vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. While recent jailbreaks have achieved notable progress, their effectiveness and efficiency can still be improved. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yunhan Zhao , Xiang Zheng , Xingjun Ma