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Stable Diffusion has advanced text-to-image synthesis, but training models to generate images with accurate object quantity is still difficult due to the high computational cost and the challenge of teaching models the abstract concept of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Yanyu Li , Pencheng Wan , Liang Han , Yaowei Wang , Liqiang Nie , Min Zhang

Text-to-motion generation has advanced with diffusion- and flow-based generative models, yet supervised pretraining remains insufficient to align models with high-level objectives such as semantic consistency, realism, and human preference.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Xiaofeng Tan , Wanjiang Weng , Hongsong Wang , Fang Zhao , Xin Geng , Liang Wang

Diffusion models excel at capturing the natural design spaces of images, molecules, DNA, RNA, and protein sequences. However, rather than merely generating designs that are natural, we often aim to optimize downstream reward functions while…

Generating executable CAD programs from images requires alignment between visual geometry and symbolic program representations, a capability that current methods fail to learn reliably as design complexity increases. Existing fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Giorgio Giannone , Anna Clare Doris , Amin Heyrani Nobari , Kai Xu , Akash Srivastava , Faez Ahmed

Diffusion-based planners have emerged as a promising approach for human-like trajectory generation in autonomous driving. Recent works incorporate reinforcement fine-tuning to enhance the robustness of diffusion planners through…

Text-to-image diffusion models are a class of deep generative models that have demonstrated an impressive capacity for high-quality image generation. However, these models are susceptible to implicit biases that arise from web-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Yinan Zhang , Eric Tzeng , Yilun Du , Dmitry Kislyuk

Recent advances in large language models have demonstrated that Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning data distilled from large reasoning models (e.g., DeepSeek R1) can effectively transfer reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Bin Yu , Hang Yuan , Haotian Li , Xueyin Xu , Yuliang Wei , Bailing Wang , Weizhen Qi , Kai Chen

Reward-based fine-tuning steers a pretrained diffusion or flow-based generative model toward higher-reward samples while remaining close to the pretrained model. Although existing methods are derived from different perspectives, we show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Jeongjae Lee , Jinho Chang , Jeongsol Kim , Jong Chul Ye

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is essential for enhancing their performance on specific tasks but is often resource-intensive due to redundant or uninformative data. To address this inefficiency, we introduce DELIFT (Data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Ishika Agarwal , Krishnateja Killamsetty , Lucian Popa , Marina Danilevksy

Diffusion probabilistic models have shown great success in generating high-quality images controllably, and researchers have tried to utilize this controllability into text generation domain. Previous works on diffusion-based language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Yiwei Lyu , Tiange Luo , Jiacheng Shi , Todd C. Hollon , Honglak Lee

Video captioning aims to generate natural language sentences that describe the given video accurately. Existing methods obtain favorable generation by exploring richer visual representations in encode phase or improving the decoding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Xian Zhong , Zipeng Li , Shuqin Chen , Kui Jiang , Chen Chen , Mang Ye

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) refers to algorithms that create synthetic but realistic output. Diffusion models currently offer state of the art performance in generative AI for images. They also form a key component in more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Catherine F. Higham , Desmond J. Higham , Peter Grindrod

Diffusion models have emerged as the mainstream approach for visual generation. However, these models typically suffer from sample inefficiency and high training costs. Consequently, methods for efficient finetuning, inference and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Felix Krause , Timy Phan , Ming Gui , Stefan Andreas Baumann , Vincent Tao Hu , Björn Ommer

When using agent-task datasets to enhance agent capabilities for Large Language Models (LLMs), current methodologies often treat all tokens within a sample equally. However, we argue that tokens serving different roles - specifically,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Ziang Ye , Zhenru Zhang , Yang Zhang , Jianxin Ma , Junyang Lin , Fuli Feng

This paper identifies significant redundancy in the query-key interactions within self-attention mechanisms of diffusion transformer models, particularly during the early stages of denoising diffusion steps. In response to this observation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Yifan Pu , Zhuofan Xia , Jiayi Guo , Dongchen Han , Qixiu Li , Duo Li , Yuhui Yuan , Ji Li , Yizeng Han , Shiji Song , Gao Huang , Xiu Li

The advancements in generative modeling, particularly the advent of diffusion models, have sparked a fundamental question: how can these models be effectively used for discriminative tasks? In this work, we find that generative models can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Mihir Prabhudesai , Tsung-Wei Ke , Alexander C. Li , Deepak Pathak , Katerina Fragkiadaki

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has recently been incorporated into diffusion models, e.g., tasks such as text-to-image. However, directly applying existing RL methods to diffusion-based image restoration models is suboptimal, as the objective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xiaogang Xu , Ruihang Chu , Jian Wang , Kun Zhou , Wenjie Shu , Harry Yang , Ser-Nam Lim , Hao Chen , Liang Lin

Personalized text-to-image models allow users to generate varied styles of images (specified with a sentence) for an object (specified with a set of reference images). While remarkable results have been achieved using diffusion-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Fanyue Wei , Wei Zeng , Zhenyang Li , Dawei Yin , Lixin Duan , Wen Li

Diffusion models are a new class of generative models that have shown outstanding performance in image generation literature. As a consequence, studies have attempted to apply diffusion models to other tasks, such as speech enhancement. A…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-10 Philippe Gonzalez , Zheng-Hua Tan , Jan Østergaard , Jesper Jensen , Tommy Sonne Alstrøm , Tobias May

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly prevalent in our daily lives, leading to an expectation for LLMs to be trustworthy -- - both accurate and well-calibrated (the prediction confidence should align with its ground truth…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 KaShun Shum , Minrui Xu , Jianshu Zhang , Zixin Chen , Shizhe Diao , Hanze Dong , Jipeng Zhang , Muhammad Omer Raza