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The autoregressive (AR) models, such as attention-based encoder-decoder models and RNN-Transducer, have achieved great success in speech recognition. They predict the output sequence conditioned on the previous tokens and acoustic encoded…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-06 Zhengkun Tian , Jiangyan Yi , Jianhua Tao , Ye Bai , Shuai Zhang , Zhengqi Wen , Xuefei Liu

Non-autoregressive (NAR) automatic speech recognition (ASR) models predict tokens independently and simultaneously, bringing high inference speed. However, there is still a gap in the accuracy of the NAR models compared to the…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Ziyang Zhuang , Chenfeng Miao , Kun Zou , Ming Fang , Tao Wei , Zijian Li , Ning Cheng , Wei Hu , Shaojun Wang , Jing Xiao

Autoregressive models have demonstrated remarkable success in sequential data generation, particularly in NLP, but their extension to continuous-domain image generation presents significant challenges. Recent work, the masked autoregressive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Tiankai Hang , Jianmin Bao , Fangyun Wei , Dong Chen

Human dialogue contains evolving concepts, and speakers naturally associate multiple concepts to compose a response. However, current dialogue models with the seq2seq framework lack the ability to effectively manage concept transitions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Yicheng Zou , Zhihua Liu , Xingwu Hu , Qi Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) effectively enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating retrieved external knowledge into the generation process. Reasoning models improve LLM performance in multi-hop QA tasks, which require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Guo Chen , Junjie Huang , Huaijin Xie , Fei Sun , Tao Jia

Non-autoregressive (NAR) machine translation has recently achieved significant improvements, and now outperforms autoregressive (AR) models on some benchmarks, providing an efficient alternative to AR inference. However, while AR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Sweta Agrawal , Julia Kreutzer , Colin Cherry

Autoregressive (AR) models, common in sequence generation, are limited in many biological tasks such as de novo peptide sequencing and protein modeling by their unidirectional nature, failing to capture crucial global bidirectional token…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Xiang Zhang , Jiaqi Wei , Zijie Qiu , Sheng Xu , Zhi Jin , ZhiQiang Gao , Nanqing Dong , Siqi Sun

Code completion tools are frequently used by software developers to accelerate software development by suggesting the following code elements. Completing a sequence of code tokens (e.g., a full line of code) has been proved more efficient…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Fang Liu , Zhiyi Fu , Ge Li , Zhi Jin , Hui Liu , Yiyang Hao

Language models with recurrent depth, also referred to as universal or looped when considering transformers, are defined by the capacity to increase their computation through the repetition of layers. Recent efforts in pretraining have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Jonas Geiping , Xinyu Yang , Guinan Su

Autoregressive (AR) and Non-autoregressive (NAR) models are two types of generative models for Neural Machine Translation (NMT). AR models predict tokens in a word-by-word manner and can effectively capture the distribution of real…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Yusheng Liao , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Non-autoregressive generation (NAG) has recently attracted great attention due to its fast inference speed. However, the generation quality of existing NAG models still lags behind their autoregressive counterparts. In this work, we show…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Yixuan Su , Deng Cai , Yan Wang , David Vandyke , Simon Baker , Piji Li , Nigel Collier

With the increasing capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), parallel reasoning has emerged as a new inference paradigm that enhances reasoning robustness by concurrently exploring multiple lines of thought before converging on a final…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Ziqi Wang , Boye Niu , Zipeng Gao , Zhi Zheng , Tong Xu , Linghui Meng , Zhongli Li , Jing Liu , Yilong Chen , Chen Zhu , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang , Enhong Chen

This survey paper provides a comprehensive review of the use of diffusion models in natural language processing (NLP). Diffusion models are a class of mathematical models that aim to capture the diffusion of information or signals across a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Hao Zou , Zae Myung Kim , Dongyeop Kang

Non-autoregressive (NAR) modeling has gained more and more attention in speech processing. With recent state-of-the-art attention-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) structure, NAR can realize promising real-time factor (RTF)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-21 Tianzi Wang , Yuya Fujita , Xuankai Chang , Shinji Watanabe

Autoregressive models for text sometimes generate repetitive and low-quality output because errors accumulate during the steps of generation. This issue is often attributed to exposure bias - the difference between how a model is trained,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Yizhe Zhang , Jiatao Gu , Zhuofeng Wu , Shuangfei Zhai , Josh Susskind , Navdeep Jaitly

Masked diffusion models (MDMs) have emerged as a promising approach for language modeling, yet they face a performance gap compared to autoregressive models (ARMs) and require more training iterations. In this work, we present the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Mahdi Karami , Ali Ghodsi

Large Reasoning Language Models (LRLMs or LRMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning tasks, but suffer from significant computational inefficiencies due to overthinking phenomena. Existing efficient reasoning methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Dongqi Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in complex reasoning tasks. However, current approaches employ uniform language density for both intermediate reasoning and final answers, leading to computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Zhengyi Zhao , Shubo Zhang , Yuxi Zhang , Huimin Wang , Binyang Li , Kam-Fai Wong

Autoregressive (AR) image generators offer a language-model-friendly approach to image generation by predicting discrete image tokens in a causal sequence. However, unlike diffusion models, AR models lack a mechanism to refine previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Cheng Cheng , Lin Song , Di An , Yicheng Xiao , Xuchong Zhang , Hongbin Sun , Ying Shan

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable progress, yet their capacity for logical ``slow-thinking'' reasoning persists as a critical research frontier. Current inference scaling paradigms suffer from two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Jinyi Liu , Yan Zheng , Rong Cheng , Qiyu Wu , Wei Guo , Fei Ni , Hebin Liang , Yifu Yuan , Hangyu Mao , Fuzheng Zhang , Jianye Hao