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Quantum information scrambling is a process happening during thermalization in quantum systems and describes the delocalization of quantum information. It is closely tied to entanglement, a key resource for quantum technologies and an order…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-07 Lea Haas , Christian Carisch , Oded Zilberberg

Recent work [M. J. Gullans et al., Physical Review X, 11(3):031066 (2021)] has shown that quantum error correcting codes defined by random Clifford encoding circuits can achieve a non-zero encoding rate in correcting errors even if the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-18 Andrew S. Darmawan , Yoshifumi Nakata , Shiro Tamiya , Hayata Yamasaki

Achieving perfect control over the parameters defining a quantum gate is, in general, a very challenging task, and at the same time, environmental interactions can introduce disturbances to the initial states as well. Here we address the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-31 Sudipta Mondal , Samir Kumar Hazra , Aditi Sen De

Quantum magic resources, or nonstabilizerness, are a central ingredient for universal quantum computation. In noisy many-body systems, the interplay between these resources and errors leads to sharp magic phase transitions. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Piotr Sierant , Xhek Turkeshi

We discuss the interplay between thermodynamics and magic resources in closed quantum dynamics by introducing Clifford ergotropy, the amount of extractable energy under the restriction to Clifford operations. We provide universal upper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Somnath Maity , Ryusuke Hamazaki

Chaotic dynamics in closed local quantum systems scrambles quantum information, which is manifested quantitatively in the decay of the out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOC) of local operators. How is information scrambling affected when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-16 Yong-Liang Zhang , Yichen Huang , Xie Chen

We investigate the amount of noise required to turn a universal quantum gate set into one that can be efficiently modelled classically. This question is useful for providing upper bounds on fault tolerant thresholds, and for understanding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Virmani , Susana F. Huelga , Martin B. Plenio

Many quantum information protocols require the implementation of random unitaries. Because it takes exponential resources to produce Haar-random unitaries drawn from the full $n$-qubit group, one often resorts to $t$-designs. Unitary…

Entanglement and magic are among the most fundamental properties unique to quantum systems. Each quantity captures a different aspect of non-classical behavior, and each can be regarded as a resource within its own operational setting.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Mao Kaneyasu , Yoshihiko Hasegawa

We provide a polynomial-time classical algorithm for noisy quantum circuits. The algorithm computes the expectation value of any observable for any circuit, with a small average error over input states drawn from an ensemble (e.g. the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-15 Thomas Schuster , Chao Yin , Xun Gao , Norman Y. Yao

Scrambling quantum systems have attracted attention as effective substrates for temporal information processing. Here we consider a quantum reservoir processing framework that captures a broad range of physical computing models with quantum…

Many proposed quantum mechanical models of black holes include highly nonlocal interactions. The time required for thermalization to occur in such models should reflect the relaxation times associated with classical black holes in general…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-07-25 Nima Lashkari , Douglas Stanford , Matthew Hastings , Tobias Osborne , Patrick Hayden

Much recent work has been devoted to the study of information scrambling in quantum systems. In this paper, we study the long-time properties of the algebraic out-of-time-order-correlator ("$\mathcal{A}$-OTOC") and derive an analytical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-29 Faidon Andreadakis , Emanuel Dallas , Paolo Zanardi

The Clifford group is a finite subgroup of the unitary group generated by the Hadamard, the CNOT, and the Phase gates. This group plays a prominent role in quantum error correction, randomized benchmarking protocols, and the study of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-17 Sergey Bravyi , Ruslan Shaydulin , Shaohan Hu , Dmitri Maslov

We propose and analyze a versatile and efficient multiparameter quantum sensing protocol, which simultaneously estimates many non-commuting and time-dependent signals that are coherently or incoherently coupled to sensing particles. Even in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 Wenjie Gong , Bingtian Ye , Daniel Mark , Soonwon Choi

We present a classical algorithm based on Pauli propagation for estimating expectation values of arbitrary observables on random unstructured quantum circuits across all circuit architectures and depths, including those with all-to-all…

"Forgetful" measurements-physically similar to dephasing-are of interest both for applications to fault-tolerant quantum computing and fundamentally, in studying how entanglement and entropy spread. This paper investigates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Yucheng He , Todd A. Brun

Nonlocal magic quantifies the irreducible nonstabilizerness of a bipartite quantum state after optimizing over local basis changes. We study nonlocal magic for pure fermionic Gaussian states, and derive a simple closed-form entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Mario Collura , Benjamin Béri , Emanuele Tirrito

Treating the effects of a time-dependent classical dephasing environment during quantum logic operations poses a theoretical challenge, as the application of non-commuting control operations gives rise to both dephasing and depolarization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-30 Todd Green , Hermann Uys , Michael J. Biercuk

Information in a chaotic quantum system will scramble across the system, preventing any local measurement from reconstructing it. The scrambling dynamics is key to understanding a wide range of quantum many-body systems. Here we use Holevo…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-25 J. -Z. Zhuang , Y. -K. Wu , L. -M. Duan