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With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) in code generation, their applications in hardware design are receiving growing attention. However, existing LLMs face several challenges when generating Verilog code for finite…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Qiuming Luo , Yanming Lei , Kunzhong Wu , Yixuan Cao , Chengjian Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet hallucinations in knowledge-intensive tasks remain a critical challenge. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) addresses this by integrating external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zhipeng Song , Xiangyu Kong , Xinrui Bao , Yizhi Zhou , Jiulong Jiao , Sitong Liu , Yuhang Zhou , Heng Qi

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on function-level code generation benchmarks, yet real-world software development increasingly demands class-level implementations that integrate multiple methods,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Musfiqur Rahman , SayedHassan Khatoonabadi , Emad Shihab

Large Language Models (LLMs) often generate inaccurate responses (hallucinations) when faced with questions beyond their knowledge scope. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this by leveraging external knowledge, but a critical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Haoxiang Jin , Ronghan Li , Zixiang Lu , Qiguang Miao

In this paper we present the first investigation into the effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs) for Failure Mode Classification (FMC). FMC, the task of automatically labelling an observation with a corresponding failure mode code,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Michael Stewart , Melinda Hodkiewicz , Sirui Li

Issue localization, which identifies faulty code elements such as files or functions, is critical for effective bug fixing. While recent LLM-based and LLM-agent-based approaches improve accuracy, they struggle in large-scale repositories…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ying Wang , Wenjun Mao , Chong Wang , Zhenhao Zhou , Yicheng Zhou , Wenyun Zhao , Yiling Lou , Xin Peng

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks, yet their application in hardware security verification remains limited due to scarcity of publicly available hardware description…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Touseef Hasan , Blessing Airehenbuwa , Nitin Pundir , Souvika Sarkar , Ujjwal Guin

Large Language Models (LLMs) often generate code with subtle but critical bugs, especially for complex tasks. Existing automated repair methods typically rely on superficial pass/fail signals, offering limited visibility into program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Jiangping Huang , Wenguang Ye , Weisong Sun , Jian Zhang , Mingyue Zhang , Yang Liu

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has shown success in diverse domains such as robotics, computer games, and recommendation systems. However, like any other software system, DRL-based software systems are susceptible to faults that pose…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Rached Bouchoucha , Ahmed Haj Yahmed , Darshan Patil , Janarthanan Rajendran , Amin Nikanjam , Sarath Chandar , Foutse Khomh

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have emphasized the critical role of fine-tuning (FT) techniques in adapting LLMs to specific tasks, especially when retraining from scratch is computationally infeasible. Fine-tuning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xiao Han , Zimo Zhao , Wanyu Wang , Maolin Wang , Zitao Liu , Yi Chang , Xiangyu Zhao

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into various applications has driven the need for structured and reliable responses. A key challenge in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems is ensuring that outputs align with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Özgür Uğur , Musa Yılmaz , Esra Şavirdi , Özay Ezerceli , Mahmut El Huseyni , Selva Taş , Reyhan Bayraktar

Spectrum-based fault localization (SBFL) works well for single-fault programs but its accuracy decays for increasing fault numbers. We present FLITSR (Fault Localization by Iterative Test Suite Reduction), a novel SBFL extension that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Dylan Callaghan , Bernd Fischer

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong empirical performance in various fields, benefiting from their huge amount of parameters that store knowledge. However, LLMs still suffer from several key issues, such as hallucination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Shangyu Wu , Ying Xiong , Yufei Cui , Haolun Wu , Can Chen , Ye Yuan , Lianming Huang , Xue Liu , Tei-Wei Kuo , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise for human-like conversations, they are primarily pre-trained on text data. Incorporating audio or video improves performance, but collecting large-scale multimodal data and…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language generation. However, their output quality can be inconsistent, posing challenges for generating natural language from logical forms (LFs). This task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Levon Haroutunian , Zhuang Li , Lucian Galescu , Philip Cohen , Raj Tumuluri , Gholamreza Haffari

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have inspired new paradigms for document reranking. While this paradigm better exploits the reasoning and contextual understanding capabilities of LLMs, most existing LLM-based rerankers rely…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Qi Liu , Kun Ai , Jiaxin Mao , Yanzhao Zhang , Mingxin Li , Dingkun Long , Pengjun Xie , Fengbin Zhu , Ji-Rong Wen

We introduce the \textit{Extract-Refine-Retrieve-Read} (ERRR) framework, a novel approach designed to bridge the pre-retrieval information gap in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems through query optimization tailored to meet the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Youan Cong , Pritom Saha Akash , Cheng Wang , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang

Large language model (LLM)-based debugging systems can generate failure explanations, but these explanations may be incomplete or incorrect. Misleading explanations are harmful for downstream tasks (e.g., bug triage, bug fixing). We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Julius Porbeck , Christian Medeiros Adriano , Holger Giese

Inferring the root cause of failures among thousands of components in a data center network is challenging, especially for "gray" failures that are not reported directly by switches. Faults can be localized through end-to-end measurements,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Vipul Harsh , Tong Meng , Kapil Agrawal , P. Brighten Godfrey

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit limited performance on domain-specific tasks due to the natural disproportionate representation of specialized information in their training data and the static nature of these datasets. Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Chaojun Nie , Jun Zhou , Guanxiang Wang , Shisong Wu , Zichen Wang