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Federated learning (FL) is widely used in Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems, but its distributed training process also exposes it to backdoor attacks. Existing studies mainly consider single-target or centralized multi-target settings, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Tao Liu , Dapeng Man , Jiguang Lv , Chen Xu , Weiye Xi , Huanran Wang , Yuhang Zhang , Tianming Zhao , Wu Yang

Federated Learning (FL) has become very popular since it enables clients to train a joint model collaboratively without sharing their private data. However, FL has been shown to be susceptible to backdoor and inference attacks. While in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Huimin Li , Phillip Rieger , Shaza Zeitouni , Stjepan Picek , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training among mutually distrusting parties. Model updates, rather than training data, are concentrated and fused in a central aggregation server. A key security challenge in FL is that an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Pau-Chen Cheng , Kevin Eykholt , Zhongshu Gu , Hani Jamjoom , K. R. Jayaram , Enriquillo Valdez , Ashish Verma

Federated learning (FL) is rapidly gaining popularity and enables multiple data owners ({\em a.k.a.} FL participants) to collaboratively train machine learning models in a privacy-preserving way. A key unaddressed scenario is that these FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Xiaohu Wu , Han Yu

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed devices while preserving local data privacy, making it ideal for mobile and embedded systems. However, the decentralized nature of FL also opens vulnerabilities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Kichang Lee , Yujin Shin , Jonghyuk Yun , Songkuk Kim , Jun Han , JeongGil Ko

Membership inference attacks (MIAs), which determine whether a specific data point was included in the training set of a target model, have posed severe threats in federated learning (FL). Unfortunately, existing MIA defenses, typically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Li Bai , Junxu Liu , Sen Zhang , Xinwei Zhang , Qingqing Ye , Haibo Hu

Federated Learning (FL) has been gaining popularity as a collaborative learning framework to train deep learning-based object detection models over a distributed population of clients. Despite its advantages, FL is vulnerable to model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Ka-Ho Chow , Ling Liu , Wenqi Wei , Fatih Ilhan , Yanzhao Wu

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising privacy-preserving collaborative model training paradigm without sharing raw data. However, recent studies have revealed that private information can still be leaked through shared gradient…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Pengxin Guo , Runxi Wang , Shuang Zeng , Jinjing Zhu , Haoning Jiang , Yanran Wang , Yuyin Zhou , Feifei Wang , Hui Xiong , Liangqiong Qu

Robust machine learning (ML) models can be developed by leveraging large volumes of data and distributing the computational tasks across numerous devices or servers. Federated learning (FL) is a technique in the realm of ML that facilitates…

\textit{Federated learning} (FL) is a nascent distributed learning paradigm to train a shared global model without violating users' privacy. FL has been shown to be vulnerable to various Byzantine attacks, where malicious participants could…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Wei Wan , Shengshan Hu , Minghui Li , Jianrong Lu , Longling Zhang , Leo Yu Zhang , Hai Jin

Federated learning (FL) provides autonomy and privacy by design to participating peers, who cooperatively build a machine learning (ML) model while keeping their private data in their devices. However, that same autonomy opens the door for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Najeeb Moharram Jebreel , Josep Domingo-Ferrer , David Sánchez , Alberto Blanco-Justicia

Federated Learning (FL) is a popular algorithm to train machine learning models on user data constrained to edge devices (for example, mobile phones) due to privacy concerns. Typically, FL is trained with the assumption that no part of the…

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a secure paradigm for collaborative training among clients. Without data centralization, FL allows clients to share local information in a privacy-preserving manner. This approach has gained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Jiawei Shao , Zijian Li , Wenqiang Sun , Tailin Zhou , Yuchang Sun , Lumin Liu , Zehong Lin , Yuyi Mao , Jun Zhang

Federated Learning (FL) trains a black-box and high-dimensional model among different clients by exchanging parameters instead of direct data sharing, which mitigates the privacy leak incurred by machine learning. However, FL still suffers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Qi Tan , Qi Li , Yi Zhao , Zhuotao Liu , Xiaobing Guo , Ke Xu

Recent works have shown that Federated Learning (FL) is vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Existing defenses cluster submitted updates from clients and select the best cluster for aggregation. However, they often rely on unrealistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Hassan Ali , Surya Nepal , Salil S. Kanhere , Sanjay Jha

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed training paradigm wherein participants collaborate to build a global model while ensuring the privacy of the involved data, which remains stored on participant devices. However, proposals aiming to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Nicolas Riccieri Gardin Assumpcao , Leandro Villas

Federated Learning is a machine learning setting that reduces direct data exposure, improving the privacy guarantees of machine learning models. Yet, the exchange of model updates between the participants and the aggregator can still leak…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Pablo Montaña-Fernández , Ines Ortega-Fernandez

Federated learning enables thousands of participants to construct a deep learning model without sharing their private training data with each other. For example, multiple smartphones can jointly train a next-word predictor for keyboards…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-07 Eugene Bagdasaryan , Andreas Veit , Yiqing Hua , Deborah Estrin , Vitaly Shmatikov

Federated Learning (FL) is an emerging solution to the data scarcity problem for training deep learning models in hardware assurance. While FL is designed to enhance privacy by not sharing raw data, it remains vulnerable to Membership…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Gijung Lee , Wavid Bowman , Olivia P. Dizon-Paradis , Reiner N. Dizon-Paradis , Ronald Wilson , Damon L. Woodard , Domenic Forte

Split Learning (SL) and Federated Learning (FL) are two prominent distributed collaborative learning techniques that maintain data privacy by allowing clients to never share their private data with other clients and servers, and fined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Momin Ahmad Khan , Virat Shejwalkar , Amir Houmansadr , Fatima Muhammad Anwar