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We examine how the behavior of software developers changes in response to removing gamification elements from GitHub, an online platform for collaborative programming and software development. We find that the unannounced removal of daily…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Lukas Moldon , Markus Strohmaier , Johannes Wachs

How much does AI assistance impact developer productivity? To date, the software engineering literature has provided a range of answers, targeting a diversity of outcomes: from perceived productivity to speed on task and developer…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Elise Paradis , Kate Grey , Quinn Madison , Daye Nam , Andrew Macvean , Vahid Meimand , Nan Zhang , Ben Ferrari-Church , Satish Chandra

Australia's National Science Agency conducted a six-month trial of M365 Copilot starting in January 2024 as part of an Australian Government initiative. Three hundred licenses were distributed across CSIRO using a persona-based approach to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Muneera Bano , Didar Zowghi , Jon Whittle , Liming Zhu , Andrew Reeson , Rob Martin , Jen Parsons

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is increasingly used to support a wide range of human tasks, yet empirical evidence on its effect on creativity remains scattered. Can GenAI generate ideas that are creative? To what extent can it…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Niklas Holzner , Sebastian Maier , Stefan Feuerriegel

While organizations continue to invest in enterprise AI, little is known about how individual employees find valuable use cases once these tools are deployed. We present an exploratory interview study of 10 experienced U.S. professionals…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Riya Sahni , Lydia B. Chilton

Our goal is to understand the characteristics of high-performing teams on GitHub. Towards this end, we collect data from software repositories and evaluate teams by examining differences in productivity. Our study focuses on the team…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Samaneh Saadat , Olivia B. Newton , Gita Sukthankar , Stephen M. Fiore

GitHub Copilot is an artificial intelligence model for automatically generating source code from natural language problem descriptions. Since June 2022, Copilot has officially been available for free to all students as a plug-in to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Paul Denny , Viraj Kumar , Nasser Giacaman

As artificial intelligence (AI) tools become increasingly embedded in software development workflows, questions persist about their true impact on developer productivity and experience. This paper presents findings from a mixed-methods…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Brian Houck , Travis Lowdermilk , Cody Beyer , Steven Clarke , Ben Hanrahan

With generative AI emerging as a general-purpose technology, understanding its economic effects is among society's most pressing questions. Existing studies of AI impact have largely relied on predictions of AI capabilities or focused…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Kiran Tomlinson , Sonia Jaffe , Will Wang , Scott Counts , Siddharth Suri

Numerous articles emphasize the benefits of implementing Continuous Integration and Delivery (CI/CD) pipelines in software development. These pipelines are expected to improve the reputation of a project and decrease the number of commits…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Jeffrey Fairbanks , Akshharaa Tharigonda , Nasir U. Eisty

Generative AI coding tools are relatively new, and their impact on developers extends beyond traditional coding metrics, influencing beliefs about work and developers' roles in the workplace. This study aims to illuminate developers'…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Jenna Butler , Jina Suh , Sankeerti Haniyur , Constance Hadley

The ongoing shortage of skilled developers, particularly in security-critical software development, has led organizations to increasingly adopt AI-powered development tools to boost productivity and reduce reliance on limited human…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Nadine Jost , Benjamin Berens , Manuel Karl , Stefan Albert Horstmann , Martin Johns , Alena Naiakshina

Context. The rise of generative AI (GenAI) tools like ChatGPT and GitHub Copilot has transformed how software is learned and written. In software engineering (SE) education, these tools offer new opportunities for support, but also raise…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Qiaolin Qin , Ronnie de Souza Santos , Rodrigo Spinola

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is transforming how firms create, process, and apply knowledge, yet little is known about the heterogeneity of its productivity effects across users. We report results from a randomized controlled…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Lihi Idan , Bharat Anand

Programming students have a widespread access to powerful Generative AI tools like ChatGPT. While this can help understand the learning material and assist with exercises, educators are voicing more and more concerns about an overreliance…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Christian Rahe , Walid Maalej

Our everyday lives now heavily rely on artificial intelligence (AI) powered large language models (LLMs). Like regular users, programmers are also benefiting from the newest large language models. In response to the critical role that AI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Md Kamrul Siam , Huanying Gu , Jerry Q. Cheng

Generative AI (genAI) tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Copilot) have become ubiquitous in software engineering (SE). As SE educators, it behooves us to understand the consequences of genAI usage among SE students and to create a holistic view of where…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Rudrajit Choudhuri , Ambareesh Ramakrishnan , Amreeta Chatterjee , Bianca Trinkenreich , Igor Steinmacher , Marco Gerosa , Anita Sarma

Software bots have been facilitating several development activities in Open Source Software (OSS) projects, including code review. However, these bots may bring unexpected impacts to group dynamics, as frequently occurs with new technology…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Mairieli Wessel , Alexander Serebrenik , Igor Wiese , Igor Steinmacher , Marco A. Gerosa

Following the recent release of AI assistants, such as OpenAI's ChatGPT and GitHub Copilot, the software industry quickly utilized these tools for software development tasks, e.g., generating code or consulting AI for advice. While recent…

Background: Recent advancements in large language models have motivated the practical use of such models in code generation and program synthesis. However, little is known about the effects of such tools on code readability and visual…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Naser Al Madi