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This paper investigates the limits to which a passive Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) can reshape a point-to-point Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) channel in terms of singular values and their functions (e.g., achievable rate…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Yang Zhao , Hongyu Li , Bruno Clerckx , Massimo Franceschetti

The performance of wireless communication systems is fundamentally constrained by random and uncontrollable wireless channels. Recently, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) has emerged as a promising solution to enhance wireless…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-29 Xiaohao Mo , Lin Gui , Kai Ying , Xichao Sang , Xiaqing Diao

Recently, the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), benefited from the breakthrough on the fabrication of programmable meta-material, has been speculated as one of the key enabling technologies for the future six generation (6G)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Chongwen Huang , Ronghong Mo , Chau Yuen

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has emerged as an innovative and generalized RIS framework that provides greater flexibility in wave manipulation and enhanced coverage. In comparison to conventional RIS,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-24 Shreya Khisa , Ali Amhaz , Mohamed Elhattab , Chadi Assi , Sanaa Sharafeddine

The technology of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) has lately attracted considerable interest from both academia and industry as a low-cost solution for coverage extension and signal propagation control. In this paper, we study…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Konstantinos D. Katsanos , Paolo Di Lorenzo , George C. Alexandropoulos

This paper proposes and analyzes Riemannian optimization algorithms on the manifold of unitary and symmetric matrices, denoted ${\cal {U}}_s$, which naturally models the scattering matrices of passive and reciprocal devices such as…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-27 Ignacio Santamaria , Carlos Beltrán , Eduard Jorswieck , Mohammad Soleymani , Jesus Gutiérrez

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) hold significant promise for enhancing physical layer security (PLS). However, conventional RISs are typically modeled using diagonal scattering matrices, capturing only independent reflections…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-20 Weijie Xiong , Jingran Lin , Cunhua Pan , Yilong Zeng , Qiang Li

This work investigates the modeling and optimization of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS), which generalizes conventional RIS with diagonal phase shift matrices and provides additional flexibility for manipulating…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Hongyu Li , Matteo Nerini , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

A beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) is an innovative type of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) that has recently been proposed and is considered a revolutionary advancement in wave manipulation. Unlike the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Abd Ullah Khan , Uman Khalid , Trung Q. Duong , Hyundong Shin

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has emerged as a promising technology in both terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) due to its ability to manipulate wireless environments for better connectivity. Significant studies have…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Wali Ullah Khan , Asad Mahmood , Muhammad Ali Jamshed , Eva Lagunas , Manzoor Ahmed , Symeon Chatzinotas

This chapter overviews the concept of Smart Wireless Environments (SWEs) motivated by the emerging technology of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs). The operating principles and state-of-the-art hardware architectures of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 George C. Alexandropoulos , Kostantinos D. Katsanos , George Stamatelis , Ioannis Gavras

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) extend conventional diagonal RISs by allowing inter-element coupling, thereby enlarging the set of attainable scattering matrices and improving the achievable signal-to-noise…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-08 Konstantinos Ntougias , Ioannis Krikidis

We investigate the integration of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BDRISs) into cell free massive multiple input multiple output (CFmMIMO) systems to enhance simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT).…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Duc Thien Hua , Mohammadali Mohammadi , Hien Quoc Ngo , Michail Matthaiou

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) is a promising solution to build a programmable wireless environment via steering the incident signal in fully customizable ways with reconfigurable passive elements. In this paper, we consider a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-30 Huayan Guo , Ying-Chang Liang , Jie Chen , Erik G. Larsson

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has been receiving a notable interest as an energy- and spectrum-efficient enabler for simultaneous communication and sensing. Notably, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) is among the key…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Elmehdi Illi , Marwa Qaraqe

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) are able to amend radio propagation condition tasks on account of its functional properties in phase shift optimizing. In fact, there exists geometry manifold in the base-station (BS) beamforming matrix…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-30 Liyue Zhang , Qing Wang , Haozhi Wang

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has arose an upsurging research interest recently due to its promising outlook in 5G-and-beyond wireless networks. With the assistance of RIS, the wireless propagation environment is no longer…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-28 Zepeng Zhang , Ziping Zhao

Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (BD-RIS) represent a groundbreaking innovation in sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks, enabling unprecedented control over wireless propagation environments compared to conventional…

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has recently been introduced to enable advanced control over electromagnetic waves to further increase the benefits of traditional RIS in enhancing signal quality and improving…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Binggui Zhou , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) is a breakthrough technology enabling the dynamic control of the propagation environment in wireless communications through programmable surfaces. To improve the flexibility of conventional diagonal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Matteo Nerini , Hongyu Li , Bruno Clerckx