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The realization of quantum gates in topological quantum computation still confronts significant challenges in both fundamental and practical aspects. Here, we propose a deterministic and fully topologically protected measurement-based…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-09-10 Su-Qi Zhang , Jian-Song Hong , Yuan Xue , Xun-Jiang Luo , Li-Wei Yu , Xiong-Jun Liu , Xin Liu

The Gottesman-Knill theorem asserts that quantum circuits composed solely of Clifford gates can be efficiently simulated classically. This theorem hinges on the fact that Clifford gates map Pauli strings to other Pauli strings, thereby…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-30 George Biswas

Preparing a quantum circuit that implements a given sparse state is an important building block that is necessary for many different quantum algorithms. In the context of fault-tolerant quantum computing, the so-called non-Clifford gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-08 Renaud Vilmart , Sunheang Ty , Chetra Mang

Fault-tolerant quantum computing hinges on efficient logical compilation, in particular, translating high-level circuits into code-compatible implementations. Gate-by-gate compilation often yields deep circuits, requiring significant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-16 Alexander Popov , Nico Meyer , Daniel D. Scherer , Guido Dietl

A fundamental problem in fault-tolerant quantum computation is the tradeoff between universality and dimensionality, exemplified by the the Bravyi-K\"onig bound for $n$-dimensional topological stabilizer codes. In this work, we extend…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Ryohei Kobayashi , Guanyu Zhu , Po-Shen Hsin

As the capabilities of quantum computing hardware continue to rise, algorithms that exploit them are becoming increasingly complex. These developments increase the need for sophisticated compilation frameworks that translate high-level…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-13 Lukas Burgholzer , Daniel Haag , Yannick Stade , Damian Rovara , Patrick Hopf , Robert Wille

We propose an approach to optimally synthesize quantum circuits from non-permutative quantum gates such as Controlled-Square-Root-of-Not (i.e. Controlled-V). Our approach reduces the synthesis problem to multiple-valued optimization and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Guowu Yang , William N. N. Hung , Xiaoyu Song , Marek Perkowski

We present a comprehensive architectural analysis for a proposed fault-tolerant quantum computer based on cat codes concatenated with outer quantum error-correcting codes. For the physical hardware, we propose a system of acoustic…

Robust quantum control is crucial for achieving operations below the quantum error correction threshold. Quantum Signal Processing (QSP) transforms a unitary parameterized by $\theta$ into one governed by a polynomial function $f(\theta)$,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Shraddha Singh , Baptiste Royer , Steven M. Girvin

We investigate the presence of memory in the sequential measurement statistics of an open quantum system, as witnessed by the departure from the quantum regression theorem (QRT), that is, the possibility to predict multitime probabilities…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Paolo Luppi , Claudia Benedetti , Andrea Smirne

Efficiently calculating the low-lying eigenvalues of Hamiltonians, written as sums of Pauli operators, is a fundamental challenge in quantum computing. While various methods have been proposed to reduce the complexity of quantum circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-08 Abhinav Anand , Kenneth R. Brown

Estimating expectation values on near-term quantum computers often requires a prohibitively large number of measurements. One widely-used strategy to mitigate this problem has been to partition an operator's Pauli terms into sets of…

We analyse a model for fault-tolerant quantum computation with low overhead suitable for situations where the noise is biased. The basis for this scheme is a gadget for the fault-tolerant preparation of magic states that enable universal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-07 Paul Webster , Stephen D. Bartlett , David Poulin

The non-local interactions in several quantum device architectures allow for the realization of more compact quantum encodings while retaining the same degree of protection against noise. Anticipating that short to medium-length codes will…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Shubham P. Jain , Victor V. Albert

Current quantum devices face challenges when dealing with large circuits due to error rates as circuit size and the number of qubits increase. The circuit wire-cutting technique addresses this issue by breaking down a large circuit into…

This paper presents the Pauli-based Circuit Optimization, Analysis, and Synthesis Toolchain (PCOAST), a framework for quantum circuit optimizations based on the commutative properties of Pauli strings. Prior work has demonstrated that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-25 Jennifer Paykin , Albert T. Schmitz , Mohannad Ibrahim , Xin-Chuan Wu , A. Y. Matsuura

Fault tolerance is widely regarded as indispensable for achieving scalable and reliable quantum computing. However, the spacetime overhead required for fault-tolerant quantum computating remains prohibitively large. A critical challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Pei Zeng , Guo Zheng , Qian Xu , Liang Jiang

Quantum measurements are a fundamental component of quantum computing. However, on modern-day quantum computers, measurements can be more error prone than quantum gates, and are susceptible to non-unital errors as well as non-local…

Reed-Muller (RM) codes have undergone significant analytical advancements over the past decade, particularly for binary memoryless symmetric (BMS) channels. We extend the scope of RM codes development and analysis to multiple-access…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Dina Abdelhadi , Colin Sandon , Emmanuel Abbe , Ruediger Urbanke

In this paper, we present a new construction of asymmetric quantum codes (AQCs) by combining classical concatenated codes (CCs) with tensor product codes (TPCs), called asymmetric quantum concatenated and tensor product codes (AQCTPCs)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Jihao Fan , Jun Li , Jianxin Wang , Zhihui Wei , Min-Hsiu Hsieh