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We argue and demonstrate that projected entangled-pair states (PEPS) outperform matrix product states significantly for the task of generative modeling of datasets with an intrinsic two-dimensional structure such as images. Our approach…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-17 Tom Vieijra , Laurens Vanderstraeten , Frank Verstraete

In general the calculation of robustness of entanglement for the mixed entangled quantum states is rather difficult to handle analytically. Using the the convex semi-definite programming method, the robustness of entanglement of some mixed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 M. A. Jafarizadeh , M. Mirzaee , M. Rezaee

We present a new subspace iteration method for computing low-lying eigenpairs (excited states) of high-dimensional quantum many-body Hamiltonians with nearest neighbor interactions on two-dimensional lattices. The method is based on a new…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-24 Alec Dektor , Runze Chi , Roel Van Beeumen , Chao Yang

This thesis is divided into two mainly independent parts: In the first part, we derive a criterion to determine when a translationally invariant Matrix Product State (MPS) has long range localizable entanglement, which indicates that the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-09-22 Thorsten B. Wahl

The Hamiltonian for a system of itinerant particles on a two-dimensional lattice in a uniform magnetic field reduces the translational symmetry to a magnetic translation group, because of the need to choose a particular gauge for the vector…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Wei Tang , Gunnar Möller , Frank Verstraete , Laurens Vanderstraeten

Complete complementarity relations, as e.g. $P(\rho_{A})^{2} + C(\rho_{A})^{2} + E(|\Psi\rangle_{AB})^{2}=1$, constrain the local predictability, $P$, and local coherence, $C$, and the entanglement, $E$, of bipartite pure states. For pairs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-13 Jonas Maziero , Marcos L. W. Basso , Lucas C. Céleri

We consider the scaling of entanglement entropy in random Projected Entangled Pairs States (PEPS) with an internal symmetry given by a finite group G. We systematically demonstrate a correspondence between this entanglement entropy and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-24 Erica Morgan , Fernando G. S. L. Brandão

Projected entangled-pair states (PEPS) have become a powerful tool for studying quantum many-body systems in the condensed matter and quantum materials context, particularly with advances in variational energy optimization methods. A key…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-06-10 Jan Naumann , Erik Lennart Weerda , Jens Eisert , Matteo Rizzi , Philipp Schmoll

We propose a new class of tensor-network states, which we name projected entangled simplex states (PESS), for studying the ground-state properties of quantum lattice models. These states extend the pair-correlation basis of projected…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2014-04-18 Z. Y. Xie , J. Chen , J. F. Yu , X. Kong , B. Normand , T. Xiang

We study the computational difficulty of computing the ground state degeneracy and the density of states for local Hamiltonians. We show that the difficulty of both problems is exactly captured by a class which we call #BQP, which is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-22 Brielin Brown , Steven T. Flammia , Norbert Schuch

Given a tensor network state, how can we determine conserved operators (including Hamiltonians) for which the state is an eigenstate? We answer this question by presenting a method to extract geometrically $k$-local conserved operators that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Wen-Tao Xu , Miguel Frías Pérez , Mingru Yang

Ground states of local Hamiltonians can be generally highly entangled: any quantum circuit that generates them (even approximately) must be sufficiently deep to allow coupling (entanglement) between any pair of qubits. Until now this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-22 Lior Eldar , Aram W. Harrow

We analyze the error of approximating Gibbs states of local quantum spin Hamiltonians on lattices with Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS) as a function of the bond dimension ($D$), temperature ($\beta^{-1}$), and system size ($N$).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-16 András Molnár , Norbert Schuch , Frank Verstraete , J. Ignacio Cirac

The infinite Projected Entangled Pair States (iPEPS) algorithm [J. Jordan et al, PRL 101, 250602 (2008)] has become a useful tool in the calculation of ground state properties of 2d quantum lattice systems in the thermodynamic limit.…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-08-19 Ho N. Phien , Johann A. Bengua , Hoang D. Tuan , Philippe Corboz , Roman Orus

Infinite projected entangled pair states (iPEPS) provide a convenient variational description of infinite, translationally-invariant two-dimensional quantum states. However, the simulation of local excitations is not directly possible due…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-02-12 C. Hubig , A. Bohrdt , M. Knap , F. Grusdt , J. I. Cirac

Variational Monte Carlo studies employing projected entangled-pair states (PEPS) have recently shown that they can provide answers on long-standing questions such as the nature of the phases in the two-dimensional $J_1 - J_2$ model. The…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-06-10 Tom Vieijra , Jutho Haegeman , Frank Verstraete , Laurens Vanderstraeten

Recently it has been shown that projected entangled-pair states can be considered as a (physically motivated) resource state for measurement-based quantum computation. Here we elaborate on how to construct a deterministic measurement-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-27 Mear M. R. Koochakie

Recent work has shown that for one-dimensional quantum states that can be effectively approximated by matrix product operators (MPOs), a polynomial number of copies of the state suffices for reconstruction. Compared to MPOs in one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Zhen Qin , Zhihui Zhu

We show that Projected Entangled-Pair States (PEPS) in two spatial dimensions can describe chiral topological states by explicitly constructing a family of such states with a non-trivial Chern number. They are ground states of two different…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2013-12-20 T. B. Wahl , H. -H. Tu , N. Schuch , J. I. Cirac

Projected squeezed (PS) states are multipartite entangled states generated by unitary spin squeezing, followed by a collective quantum measurement and post-selection. They can lead to an appreciable decrease in the state preparation time of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-14 B. J. Alexander , J. J. Bollinger , M. S. Tame