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The question of gauge-covariance in the non-Abelian gauge-field formulation of two space-dimensional systems with spin-orbit coupling relevant to spintronics is investigated. Although, these are generally gauge-fixed models, it is found…
We analyze the degree of equivalence between abelian topologically massive, gauge-invariant, vector or tensor parity doublets and their explicitly massive, non-gauge, counterparts. We establish equivalence of field equations by exploiting a…
An iterative Noether scheme, advocated by Deser, is used to introduce gauge invariant couplings to nonrelativistic matter with global symmetries related to usual charge conservation and dipole conservation recently discussed in fractonic…
We extend the second Noether theorem to optimal control problems which are invariant under symmetries depending upon k arbitrary functions of the independent variable and their derivatives up to some order m. As far as we consider a…
It is shown that gauge theories are most naturally studied via a polar decomposition of the field variable. Gauge transformations may be viewed as those that leave the density invariant but change the phase variable by additive amounts. The…
For the study of cosmological backreacktion an avaragng procedure is required. In this work a covariant and gauge invariant averaging formalism for finite volumes will be developed. This averaging will be applied to the scalar parts of…
We consider a non-standard generalized model of gravity coupled to a neutral scalar "inflaton" as well as to the fields of the electroweak bosonic sector. The essential new ingredient is employing two alternative non-Riemannian space-time…
The space of the solutions of the differential equations resulting from considering matter fluids of scalar field type or perfect fluid in Einstein-aether theory is analyzed. The Einstein-aether theory of gravity consists of General…
A $(1+1)$ dimensional model where vector and axial vector interaction get mixed up with different weight is considered with a generalized masslike term for gauge field. Through Poincar\'e algebra it has been made confirm that only a Lorentz…
This is the second part of the series of papers on symmetry properties of a class of variable coefficient (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear diffusion-convection equations of general form $f(x)u_t=(g(x)A(u)u_x)_x+h(x)B(u)u_x$. At first, we review…
The role of gauge invariance is reconsidered by "deriving it without assuming it" within an autonomous approach to interactions of Standard Model particles. In this approach, the renormalizable interactions are purely constrained by quantum…
How to make compatible both boundary and gauge conditions for generally covariant theories using the gauge symmetry generated by first class constraints is studied. This approach employs finite gauge transformations in contrast with…
Traditionally applied within equilibrium states, the charge-vortex dualities are expanded to address the complex dynamics of superfluids and ideal fluids under non-static conditions. We have constructed explicit mappings of finite…
We introduce a new version of non-linear electrodynamics which is produced by a spontaneous symmetry breaking of Lorentz invariance induced by the non-zero expectation value of the electromagnetic field strength. The symmetry breaking…
On the basis of the gauge principle of field theory, a new variational formulation is presented for flows of an ideal fluid. The fluid is defined thermodynamically by mass density and entropy density, and its flow fields are characterized…
The modern description of elementary particles, as formulated in the Standard Model of particle physics, is built on gauge theories. Gauge theories implement fundamental laws of physics by local symmetry constraints. For example, in quantum…
The identity between expressions for the coefficient functions of the Bjorken and Ellis-Jaffe sum rules is derived in the conformal invariant limit of massless U(1) theory, namely in the perturbative quenched QED model, and in the same…
An exact renormalization group equation is written down for the world sheet theory describing the bosonic open string in general backgrounds. Loop variable techniques are used to make the equation gauge invariant. This is worked out…
Gauge invariant treatments of the second order cosmological perturbation in a four dimensional homogeneous isotropic universe filled with the perfect fluid are completely formulated without any gauge fixing. We derive all components of the…
Gauge-invariant treatments of the second-order cosmological perturbation in a four dimensional homogeneous isotropic universe are formulated without any gauge fixing. We have derived the Einstein equations in the case of the single perfect…