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Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) is a widely adopted technique in diffusion and flow-based generative models, enabling high-quality conditional generation. A key theoretical challenge is characterizing the distribution induced by CFG,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Krunoslav Lehman Pavasovic , Jakob Verbeek , Giulio Biroli , Marc Mezard

Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) is a widely used technique for improving conditional diffusion models by linearly combining the outputs of conditional and unconditional denoisers. While CFG enhances visual quality and improves alignment with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Badr Moufad , Yazid Janati , Alain Durmus , Ahmed Ghorbel , Eric Moulines , Jimmy Olsson

Numerical modeling and simulation of two-phase flow in porous media is challenging due to the uncertainties in key parameters, such as permeability. To address these challenges, we propose a computational framework by utilizing the novel…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Ruoyu Hu , Sanjeeb Poudel , Feng Bao , Sanghyun Lee

The intersection between classical data assimilation methods and novel machine learning techniques has attracted significant interest in recent years. Here we explore another promising solution in which diffusion models are used to…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-04-02 Feng Bao , Hristo G. Chipilski , Siming Liang , Guannan Zhang , Jeffrey S. Whitaker

The applications of traditional statistical feature selection methods to high-dimension, low sample-size data often struggle and encounter challenging problems, such as overfitting, curse of dimensionality, computational infeasibility, and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-19 Kexuan Li , Fangfang Wang , Lingli Yang , Ruiqi Liu

Data assimilation is the process of estimating the state of a dynamical system over time by combining model predictions with measurements. This task becomes challenging when the system is nonlinear and high-dimensional. To address this,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-22 Eunbi Yoon , Won Chang , Donghan Kim , Dae Wook Kim

Generative models excel at synthesizing high-fidelity samples from complex data distributions, but they often violate hard constraints arising from physical laws or task specifications. A common remedy is to project intermediate samples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jinhao Liang , Yixuan Sun , Anirban Samaddar , Sandeep Madireddy , Ferdinando Fioretto

Continuous Normalizing Flows (CNFs) have emerged as promising deep generative models for a wide range of tasks thanks to their invertibility and exact likelihood estimation. However, conditioning CNFs on signals of interest for conditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Tan M. Nguyen , Animesh Garg , Richard G. Baraniuk , Anima Anandkumar

Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) is a fundamental technique in training conditional diffusion models. The common practice for CFG-based training is to use a single network to learn both conditional and unconditional noise prediction, with a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Prin Phunyaphibarn , Phillip Y. Lee , Jaihoon Kim , Minhyuk Sung

Correlation filters are special classifiers designed for shift-invariant object recognition, which are robust to pattern distortions. The recent literature shows that combining a set of sub-filters trained based on a single or a small group…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Baochang Zhang , Shangzhen Luan , Chen Chen , Jungong Han , Wei Wang , Alessandro Perina , Ling Shao

Score Distillation Sampling (SDS) has emerged as the de facto approach for text-to-content generation in non-image domains. In this paper, we reexamine the SDS process and introduce a straightforward interpretation that demystifies the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Oren Katzir , Or Patashnik , Daniel Cohen-Or , Dani Lischinski

Since their initial introduction, score-based diffusion models (SDMs) have been successfully applied to solve a variety of linear inverse problems in finite-dimensional vector spaces due to their ability to efficiently approximate the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-31 Lorenzo Baldassari , Ali Siahkoohi , Josselin Garnier , Knut Solna , Maarten V. de Hoop

Feature selection is fundamental to robust data-centric AI, but most existing methods optimize predictive performance under a single data distribution. This often selects spurious features that fail under distribution shifts. Motivated by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Arun Vignesh Malarkkan , Xinyuan Wang , Kunpeng Liu , Denghui Zhang , Yanjie Fu

For the challenging semantic image segmentation task the most efficient models have traditionally combined the structured modelling capabilities of Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) with the feature extraction power of CNNs. In more recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-16 Marvin T. T. Teichmann , Roberto Cipolla

The efficient resolution of Bayesian inverse problems remains challenging due to the high computational cost of traditional sampling methods. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that integrates Conditional Flow Matching (CFM) with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Daniil Sherki , Ivan Oseledets , Ekaterina Muravleva

Diffusion models have been demonstrated as powerful deep learning tools for image generation in CT reconstruction and restoration. Recently, diffusion posterior sampling, where a score-based diffusion prior is combined with a likelihood…

Medical Physics · Physics 2024-09-02 Shudong Li , Xiao Jiang , Matthew Tivnan , Grace J. Gang , Yuan Shen , J. Webster Stayman

Diffusion models often exhibit inconsistent sample quality due to stochastic variations inherent in their sampling trajectories. Although training-based fine-tuning (e.g. DDPO [1]) and inference-time alignment techniques[2] aim to improve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Sixian Wang , Zhiwei Tang , Tsung-Hui Chang

Structure learning of Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) can be cast into an L1-regularized optimization problem. To avoid optimizing over a fully linked model, gain-based or gradient-based feature selection methods start from an empty model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-07-01 Ni Lao , Jun Zhu

Diffusion models have shown impressive performance for image generation, often times outperforming other generative models. Since their introduction, researchers have extended the powerful noise-to-image denoising pipeline to discriminative…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-21 Fahim Ahmed Zaman , Mathews Jacob , Amanda Chang , Kan Liu , Milan Sonka , Xiaodong Wu

This work introduces a sampling method capable of solving Bayesian inverse problems in function space. It does not assume the log-concavity of the likelihood, meaning that it is compatible with nonlinear inverse problems. The method…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-27 Lorenzo Baldassari , Ali Siahkoohi , Josselin Garnier , Knut Solna , Maarten V. de Hoop