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In this paper, we study causal inference when the treatment variable is an aggregation of multiple sub-treatment variables. Researchers often report marginal causal effects for the aggregated treatment, implicitly assuming that the target…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-08 Carolina Caetano , Gregorio Caetano , Brantly Callaway , Derek Dyal

Compared to mean regression and quantile regression, the literature on modal regression is very sparse. A unifying framework for Bayesian modal regression is proposed, based on a family of unimodal distributions indexed by the mode, along…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-02 Qingyang Liu , Xianzheng Huang , Rai Bai

Causal graphs may inform covariate adjustment for estimating causal effects and improve estimation efficiency by exploiting the graphical structure. In many applications, however, the target causal parameter may not be point-identified due…

In online advertising, marketing mix modeling (MMM) is employed to predict the gross merchandise volume (GMV) of brand shops and help decision-makers to adjust the budget allocation of various advertising channels. Traditional MMM methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Chang Gong , Di Yao , Lei Zhang , Sheng Chen , Wenbin Li , Yueyang Su , Jingping Bi

Variational inference is a popular method for estimating model parameters and conditional distributions in hierarchical and mixed models, which arise frequently in many settings in the health, social, and biological sciences. Variational…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-10 Ted Westling , Tyler H. McCormick

Customer churn describes terminating a relationship with a business or reducing customer engagement over a specific period. Customer acquisition cost can be five to six times that of customer retention, hence investing in customers with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-25 David Hason Rudd , Huan Huo , Guandong Xu

Causal Inference has wide applications in various areas such as E-commerce and precision medicine, and its performance heavily relies on the accurate estimation of the Individual Treatment Effect (ITE). Conventionally, ITE is predicted by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Kailiang Zhong , Fengtong Xiao , Yan Ren , Yaorong Liang , Wenqing Yao , Xiaofeng Yang , Ling Cen

Of late, in order to have better acceptability among various domain, researchers have argued that machine intelligence algorithms must be able to provide explanations that humans can understand causally. This aspect, also known as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Satyam Kumar , Vadlamani Ravi

Bayesian causal discovery benefits from prior information elicited from domain experts, and in heterogeneous domains any prior knowledge would be badly needed. However, so far prior elicitation approaches have assumed a single causal graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zachris Björkman , Jorge Loría , Sophie Wharrie , Samuel Kaski

This research addresses two fundamental challenges in Marketing Mix Modeling: the tendency of models to over-attribute influence to high-investment channels and the difficulty in quantifying cross-channel effects. We propose integrating the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Javier Marin

A wide variety of online platforms use digital badges to encourage users to take certain types of desirable actions. However, despite their growing popularity, their causal effect on users' behavior is not well understood. This is partly…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-04-12 Tomasz Kusmierczyk , Manuel Gomez-Rodriguez

This research addresses the challenge of conducting interpretable causal inference between a binary treatment and its resulting outcome when not all confounders are known. Confounders are factors that have an influence on both the treatment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Sohaib Kiani , Jared Barton , Jon Sushinsky , Lynda Heimbach , Bo Luo

Causal discovery and inference from observational data is an essential problem in statistics posing both modeling and computational challenges. These are typically addressed by imposing strict assumptions on the joint distribution such as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-20 Enrico Giudice , Jack Kuipers , Giusi Moffa

How should researchers analyze randomized experiments in which the main outcome is latent and measured in multiple ways but each measure contains some degree of error? We first identify a critical study-specific noncomparability problem in…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-13 Jiawei Fu , Donald P. Green

The real-world testing of decisions made using causal machine learning models is an essential prerequisite for their successful application. We focus on evaluating and improving contextual treatment assignment decisions: these are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-13 Desi R. Ivanova , Joel Jennings , Cheng Zhang , Adam Foster

Bayesian causal inference offers a principled approach to policy evaluation of proposed interventions on mediators or time-varying exposures. We outline a general approach to the estimation of causal quantities for settings with…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-28 Leah Comment , Brent A. Coull , Corwin Zigler , Linda Valeri

In the estimation of the causal effect under linear Structural Causal Models (SCMs), it is common practice to first identify the causal structure, estimate the probability distributions, and then calculate the causal effect. However, if the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-16 Shunsuke Horii

Mediation analysis is a form of causal inference that investigates indirect effects and causal mechanisms. Confidence intervals for indirect effects play a central role in conducting inference. The problem is non-standard leading to…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-12-17 Kees Jan van Garderen , Noud van Giersbergen

Marketing Mix Modeling (MMM) estimates the impact of marketing activities on business outcomes such as sales or revenue. Traditional MMM approaches rely on linear regression or Bayesian hierarchical models that assume channel independence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Aditya Puttaparthi Tirumala

Researchers often have to deal with heterogeneous population with mixed regression relationships, increasingly so in the era of data explosion. In such problems, when there are many candidate predictors, it is not only of interest to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-05 Yan Li , Chun Yu , Yize Zhao , Robert H. Aseltine , Weixin Yao , Kun Chen