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Various threats posed by the progress in text-to-speech (TTS) have prompted the need to reliably trace synthesized speech. However, contemporary approaches to this task involve adding watermarks to the audio separately after generation, a…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Junzuo Zhou , Jiangyan Yi , Tao Wang , Jianhua Tao , Ye Bai , Chu Yuan Zhang , Yong Ren , Zhengqi Wen

The rapid proliferation of generative audio synthesis and editing technologies has raised serious concerns about copyright infringement, data provenance, and the spread of misinformation via deepfake audio. Watermarking offers a proactive…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yixin Liu , Lie Lu , Jihui Jin , Lichao Sun , Andrea Fanelli

The radioactive nature of Large Language Model (LLM) watermarking enables the detection of watermarks inherited by student models when trained on the outputs of watermarked teacher models, making it a promising tool for preventing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Leyi Pan , Aiwei Liu , Shiyu Huang , Yijian Lu , Xuming Hu , Lijie Wen , Irwin King , Philip S. Yu

Knowledge distillation is an effective technique that transfers knowledge from a large teacher model to a shallow student. However, just like massive classification, large scale knowledge distillation also imposes heavy computational costs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Minghan Li , Tanli Zuo , Ruicheng Li , Martha White , Weishi Zheng

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have raised concerns about inference costs, increasing the need for research into model compression. While knowledge distillation (KD) is a prominent method for this, research on KD for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Gyeongman Kim , Doohyuk Jang , Eunho Yang

Distilled self-supervised models have shown competitive performance and efficiency in recent years. However, there is a lack of experience in jointly distilling multiple self-supervised speech models. In our work, we performed Ensemble…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-27 Kuan-Po Huang , Tzu-hsun Feng , Yu-Kuan Fu , Tsu-Yuan Hsu , Po-Chieh Yen , Wei-Cheng Tseng , Kai-Wei Chang , Hung-yi Lee

Even though deep speaker models have demonstrated impressive accuracy in speaker verification tasks, this often comes at the expense of increased model size and computation time, presenting challenges for deployment in resource-constrained…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Xuechen Liu , Md Sahidullah , Tomi Kinnunen

Knowledge distillation (KD) transfers knowledge from large teacher models to compact student models, enabling efficient deployment on resource constrained devices. While diverse KD methods, including response based, feature based, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Yinxi Tian , Changwu Huang , Ke Tang , Xin Yao

Knowledge distillation (KD) has shown very promising capabilities in transferring learning representations from large models (teachers) to small models (students). However, as the capacity gap between students and teachers becomes larger,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Zengyu Qiu , Xinzhu Ma , Kunlin Yang , Chunya Liu , Jun Hou , Shuai Yi , Wanli Ouyang

Knowledge distillation is an effective method for training small and efficient deep learning models. However, the efficacy of a single method can degenerate when transferring to other tasks, modalities, or even other architectures. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Roy Miles , Ismail Elezi , Jiankang Deng

Advances in neural speech synthesis have brought us technology that is not only close to human naturalness, but is also capable of instant voice cloning with little data, and is highly accessible with pre-trained models available.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-03 Lauri Juvela , Xin Wang

Spoken question answering (SQA) is a challenging task that requires the machine to fully understand the complex spoken documents. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) plays a significant role in the development of QA systems. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Chenyu You , Nuo Chen , Yuexian Zou

Solutions for defending against deepfake speech fall into two categories: proactive watermarking models and passive conventional deepfake detectors. While both address common threats, their differences in training, optimization, and…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Chia-Hua Wu , Wanying Ge , Xin Wang , Junichi Yamagishi , Yu Tsao , Hsin-Min Wang

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved notable success in many speech processing tasks, but the large model size and heavy computational cost hinder the deployment. Knowledge distillation trains a small student model to mimic the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Yifan Peng , Yui Sudo , Shakeel Muhammad , Shinji Watanabe

Recent end-to-end approaches have shown promise in extending large language models (LLMs) to speech inputs, but face limitations in directly assessing and optimizing alignment quality and fail to achieve fine-grained alignment due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Chen Wang , Minpeng Liao , Zhongqiang Huang , Jiajun Zhang

Knowledge distillation is one of the most effective methods for model compression. Previous studies have focused on the student model effectively training the predictive distribution of the teacher model. However, during training, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Junseok Lee , Nahoon Kim , Sangyong Lee , Chang-Jae Chun

Knowledge Distillation (KD) aims at improving the performance of a low-capacity student model by inheriting knowledge from a high-capacity teacher model. Previous KD methods typically train a student by minimizing a task-related loss and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Mengya Gao , Yujun Shen , Quanquan Li , Junjie Yan , Liang Wan , Dahua Lin , Chen Change Loy , Xiaoou Tang

Large-scale contrastive learning models can learn very informative sentence embeddings, but are hard to serve online due to the huge model size. Therefore, they often play the role of "teacher", transferring abilities to small "student"…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Chaochen Gao , Xing Wu , Peng Wang , Jue Wang , Liangjun Zang , Zhongyuan Wang , Songlin Hu

Knowledge Distillation (KD) methods are capable of transferring the knowledge encoded in a large and complex teacher into a smaller and faster student. Early methods were usually limited to transferring the knowledge only between the last…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Nikolaos Passalis , Maria Tzelepi , Anastasios Tefas

As an effective method for intellectual property (IP) protection, model watermarking technology has been applied on a wide variety of deep neural networks (DNN), including speech classification models. However, how to design a black-box…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Haozhe Chen , Weiming Zhang , Kunlin Liu , Kejiang Chen , Han Fang , Nenghai Yu