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Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) face a trilemma of load imbalance, parameter redundancy, and communication overhead. We introduce a unified framework based on dynamic expert clustering and structured compression to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Peijun Zhu , Ning Yang , Baoliang Tian , Jiayu Wei , Weihao Zhang , Haijun Zhang , Pin Lv

Multi-task learning (MTL) encapsulates multiple learned tasks in a single model and often lets those tasks learn better jointly. However, when deploying MTL onto those real-world systems that are often resource-constrained or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Hanxue Liang , Zhiwen Fan , Rishov Sarkar , Ziyu Jiang , Tianlong Chen , Kai Zou , Yu Cheng , Cong Hao , Zhangyang Wang

The expansion of large language models is increasingly limited by the constrained memory capacity of modern GPUs. To mitigate this, Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures activate only a small portion of parameters during inference,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Zixu Shen , Kexin Chu , Yifan Zhang , Dawei Xiang , Runxin Wu , Wei Zhang

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures enable efficient scaling of large language models through conditional computation, yet the routing mechanisms responsible for expert selection remain poorly understood. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Mynampati Sri Ranganadha Avinash

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models can reduce computational costs by 2-4$\times$ compared to dense models without sacrificing performance, making them more efficient in computation-bounded scenarios. However, MoE models generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Bowen Pan , Yikang Shen , Haokun Liu , Mayank Mishra , Gaoyuan Zhang , Aude Oliva , Colin Raffel , Rameswar Panda

Multi-task learning (MTL) leverages a shared model to accomplish multiple tasks and facilitate knowledge transfer. Recent research on task arithmetic-based MTL demonstrates that merging the parameters of independently fine-tuned models can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Li Shen , Anke Tang , Enneng Yang , Guibing Guo , Yong Luo , Lefei Zhang , Xiaochun Cao , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

We formulate a multi-armed bandit (MAB) approach to choosing expert policies online in Markov decision processes (MDPs). Given a set of expert policies trained on a state and action space, the goal is to maximize the cumulative reward of…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-07-19 Eric Mazumdar , Roy Dong , Vicenç Rúbies Royo , Claire Tomlin , S. Shankar Sastry

This work introduces a novel interpretable machine learning method called Mixture of Decision Trees (MoDT). It constitutes a special case of the Mixture of Experts ensemble architecture, which utilizes a linear model as gating function and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Simeon Brüggenjürgen , Nina Schaaf , Pascal Kerschke , Marco F. Huber

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) LLMs rely on sparse, router-driven expert activation, yet how safety alignment interacts with routed expert specialization remains underexplored. A common intuition is that safety behavior may be controlled by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zhibo Zhang , Yuxi Li , Zhen Ouyang , Ling Shi , Kailong Wang

We study online meta-learning with bandit feedback, with the goal of improving performance across multiple tasks if they are similar according to some natural similarity measure. As the first to target the adversarial online-within-online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Mikhail Khodak , Ilya Osadchiy , Keegan Harris , Maria-Florina Balcan , Kfir Y. Levy , Ron Meir , Zhiwei Steven Wu

During online decision making in Multi-Armed Bandits (MAB), one needs to conduct inference on the true mean reward of each arm based on data collected so far at each step. However, since the arms are adaptively selected--thereby yielding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Maria Dimakopoulou , Zhimei Ren , Zhengyuan Zhou

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model architecture has emerged as a promising solution for scaling transformer models efficiently, offering sparse activation that reduces computational costs while increasing model capacity. However, as MoE models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Seokjin Go , Divya Mahajan

Adaptive Bit Rate (ABR) decision plays a crucial role for ensuring satisfactory Quality of Experience (QoE) in video streaming applications, in which past network statistics are mainly leveraged for future network bandwidth prediction.…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Jiaoyang Yin , Yiling Xu , Hao Chen , Yunfei Zhang , Steve Appleby , Zhan Ma

Solving multi-objective optimization problems for large deep neural networks is a challenging task due to the complexity of the loss landscape and the expensive computational cost of training and evaluating models. Efficient Pareto front…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Anke Tang , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Shiwei Liu , Han Hu , Bo Du

Sparsely-activated Mixture-of-experts (MoE) models allow the number of parameters to greatly increase while keeping the amount of computation for a given token or a given sample unchanged. However, a poor expert routing strategy (e.g. one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Yanqi Zhou , Tao Lei , Hanxiao Liu , Nan Du , Yanping Huang , Vincent Zhao , Andrew Dai , Zhifeng Chen , Quoc Le , James Laudon

Mixture of Experts (MoE) have shown remarkable success in leveraging specialized expert networks for complex machine learning tasks. However, their susceptibility to adversarial attacks presents a critical challenge for deployment in robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xu Zhang , Kaidi Xu , Ziqing Hu , Ren Wang

The rise of 5G/6G network technologies promises to enable applications like autonomous vehicles and virtual reality, resulting in a significant increase in connected devices and necessarily complicating network management. Even worse, these…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Blessed Guda , Carlee Joe-Wong

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models offer a powerful way to scale model size without increasing compute, as per-token FLOPs depend only on k active experts rather than the total pool of E experts. Yet, this asymmetry creates an MoE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Linghao Jin , Chufan Shi , Huijuan Wang , Nuan Wen , Zhengzhong Liu , Eric Xing , Xuezhe Ma

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) architectures have expanded from language modeling to automatic speech recognition (ASR). Traditional MoE methods, such as the Switch Transformer, route experts independently within each layer. Our analysis reveals…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Zijin Gu , Tatiana Likhomanenko , Navdeep Jaitly

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enable scalable neural networks through conditional computation, offering enhanced effectiveness and efficiency for next-generation wireless communications. However, deploying MoE with federated learning (FL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Boyang Zhang , Xiaobing Chen , Songyang Zhang , Shuai Zhang , Xiangwei Zhou , Jian Zhang , Mingxuan Sun