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As language model (LM) outputs get more and more natural, it is becoming more difficult than ever to evaluate their quality. Simultaneously, increasing LMs' "thinking" time through scaling test-time compute has proven an effective technique…

The rapid development of large language model (LLM)-based agents has unlocked new possibilities for autonomous multi-turn reasoning and tool-augmented decision-making. However, their real-world deployment is hindered by severe…

Large Language Models excel at code generation yet struggle with complex programming tasks that demand sophisticated reasoning. To bridge this gap, traditional process supervision relies on learned reward models requiring costly training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Zhuohao Yu , Weizheng Gu , Yidong Wang , Xingru Jiang , Zhengran Zeng , Jindong Wang , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has accelerated the adoption of agent-based workflows, where multiple autonomous agents reason, invoke functions, and collaborate to compose complex data pipelines. However, current…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Zoi Kaoudi , Ioana Giurgiu

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased striking results on existing logical reasoning benchmarks, with some models even surpassing human performance. However, the true depth of their competencies and robustness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Pengfei Hong , Navonil Majumder , Deepanway Ghosal , Somak Aditya , Rada Mihalcea , Soujanya Poria

Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 have exhibited remarkable performance in a variety of tasks, but this strong performance often comes with the high expense of using paid API services. In this paper, we are motivated to study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Murong Yue , Jie Zhao , Min Zhang , Liang Du , Ziyu Yao

Reasoning Language Models, capable of extended chain-of-thought reasoning, have demonstrated remarkable performance on tasks requiring complex logical inference. However, applying elaborate reasoning for all queries often results in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Gongfan Fang , Xinyin Ma , Xinchao Wang

Large language models (LLMs) can perform complex reasoning by generating intermediate thoughts under zero-shot or few-shot settings. However, zero-shot prompting always encounters low performance, and the superior performance of few-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Xiangyang Liu , Junliang He , Xipeng Qiu

Recent advances in language models opened new opportunities to address complex schema matching tasks. Schema matching approaches have been proposed that demonstrate the usefulness of language models, but they have also uncovered important…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Yurong Liu , Eduardo Pena , Aecio Santos , Eden Wu , Juliana Freire

Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) highlights the power of scaling test-time compute to achieve strong performance on complex tasks, such as mathematical reasoning and code generation. This raises a critical question: how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Feng Chen , Allan Raventos , Nan Cheng , Surya Ganguli , Shaul Druckmann

Large language models (LLMs) are often constrained by rigid reasoning processes, limiting their ability to generate creative and diverse responses. To address this, a novel framework called LADDER is proposed, combining Chain-of-Thought…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Xintong Tang , Meiru Zhang , Shang Xiao , Junzhao Jin , Zihan Zhao , Liwei Li , Yang Zheng , Bangyi Wu

Recently, Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have gradually become a research hotspot due to their outstanding performance in handling complex tasks. Among them, DeepSeek R1 has garnered significant attention for its exceptional performance and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Linan Yue , Yichao Du , Yizhi Wang , Weibo Gao , Fangzhou Yao , Li Wang , Ye Liu , Ziyu Xu , Qi Liu , Shimin Di , Min-Ling Zhang

As AI moves beyond text, large language models (LLMs) increasingly power vision, audio, and document understanding; however, their high inference costs hinder real-time, scalable deployment. Conversely, smaller open-source models offer cost…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Mayank Saini , Arit Kumar Bishwas

Large language models (LLMs) have been a disruptive innovation in recent years, and they play a crucial role in our daily lives due to their ability to understand and generate human-like text. Their capabilities include natural language…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Akrit Mudvari , Yuang Jiang , Leandros Tassiulas

Reasoning is critical for large language models (LLMs) to excel in a wide range of tasks. While methods like Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning and enhance LLM performance by decomposing problems into intermediate steps, they also incur…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Tingxu Han , Zhenting Wang , Chunrong Fang , Shiyu Zhao , Shiqing Ma , Zhenyu Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential in various language processing tasks, and recent studies have explored their application in compiler optimizations. However, all these studies focus on the conventional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Xiangxin Fang , Lev Mukhanov

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise in automating data analysis tasks, yet open-source models face significant limitations in these kinds of reasoning-intensive scenarios. In this work, we investigate strategies to enhance the data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yuqi Zhu , Yi Zhong , Jintian Zhang , Ziheng Zhang , Shuofei Qiao , Yujie Luo , Lun Du , Da Zheng , Ningyu Zhang , Huajun Chen

As modern artificial intelligence (AI) systems become more advanced and capable, they can leverage a wide range of tools and models to perform complex tasks. The task of orchestrating these models is increasingly performed by Large Language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Daria Smirnova , Hamid Nasiri , Marta Adamska , Zhengxin Yu , Peter Garraghan

Large language models (LLMs) can achieve strong reasoning performance with sufficient computation, but they do not inherently know how much computation a task requires. We study budgeted inference-time reasoning for multiple tasks under a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Muyang Zhao , Qi Qi , Hao Sun

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with complex mathematical tasks, prone to "hallucinating" incorrect answers due to their reliance on statistical patterns. This limitation is further amplified in average Small LangSLMs with…