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Mathematical reasoning is essential for problem-solving in education, science, and industry, serving as a crucial benchmark for evaluating artificial intelligence systems. As Large Language Models (LLMs) improve their reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Husnain Amjad , Raja Khurram Shahzad , Aamir Shahzad , Mehwish Fatima

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has introduced new possibilities and challenges in physics education, necessitating rigorous evaluation of their capabilities as both problem solvers and automated assessors. This paper…

Physics Education · Physics 2026-05-25 Jonah R. Donaldson , Aliya Navaz , Konstantinos Doran , Alysta Lim , Mario Campanelli

Large language models (LLMs) have shown significant promise across various medical applications, with ophthalmology being a notable area of focus. Many ophthalmic tasks have shown substantial improvement through the integration of LLMs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Chengfeng Zhou , Ji Wang , Juanjuan Qin , Yining Wang , Ling Sun , Weiwei Dai

In this paper we examine the limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) for complex reasoning tasks. Although recent works have started to employ formal languages as an intermediate representation for reasoning tasks, they often face…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Shashank Kirtania , Priyanshu Gupta , Arjun Radhakirshna

Leadership-class HPC systems generate massive volumes of heterogeneous, largely unstructured system logs. Because these logs originate from diverse software, hardware, and runtime layers, they exhibit inconsistent formats, making structure…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Ahmad Maroof Karimi , Jong Youl Choi , Charles Qing Cao , Awais Khan

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate extraordinary abilities in a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. In this paper, we show that, beyond text understanding capability, LLMs are capable of processing text layouts that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Weiming Li , Manni Duan , Dong An , Yan Shao

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Recent research indicates that moderately-sized LLMs often outperform larger ones after task-specific fine-tuning. This study focuses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Minghao Wu , Thuy-Trang Vu , Lizhen Qu , George Foster , Gholamreza Haffari

Recent large language models (LLMs) have advanced table understanding capabilities but rely on converting tables into text sequences. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enable direct visual processing, they face limitations in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Bohao Yang , Yingji Zhang , Dong Liu , André Freitas , Chenghua Lin

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown impressive results in sequential decision-making tasks. Meanwhile, Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged, exhibiting impressive capabilities in multimodal…

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in natural language processing (NLP). LLMs require an extreme amount of parameters to attain high performance. As models grow into the trillion-parameter range,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Zhyar Rzgar K Rostam , Sándor Szénási , Gábor Kertész

Large Language Models (LLMs) reasoning processes are challenging to analyze due to their complexity and the lack of organized visualization tools. We present ReasonGraph, a web-based platform for visualizing and analyzing LLM reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Zongqian Li , Ehsan Shareghi , Nigel Collier

The rapid extension of context windows in large vision-language models has given rise to long-context vision-language models (LCVLMs), which are capable of handling hundreds of images with interleaved text tokens in a single forward pass.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zhaowei Wang , Wenhao Yu , Xiyu Ren , Jipeng Zhang , Yu Zhao , Rohit Saxena , Liang Cheng , Ginny Wong , Simon See , Pasquale Minervini , Yangqiu Song , Mark Steedman

Recently, many studies have demonstrated that exclusively incorporating OCR-derived text and spatial layouts with large language models (LLMs) can be highly effective for document understanding tasks. However, existing methods that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jinghui Lu , Haiyang Yu , Yanjie Wang , Yongjie Ye , Jingqun Tang , Ziwei Yang , Binghong Wu , Qi Liu , Hao Feng , Han Wang , Hao Liu , Can Huang

Although large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive performance for many language tasks, most of them can only handle texts a few thousand tokens long, limiting their applications on longer sequence inputs, such as books, reports,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Yushi Bai , Xin Lv , Jiajie Zhang , Hongchang Lyu , Jiankai Tang , Zhidian Huang , Zhengxiao Du , Xiao Liu , Aohan Zeng , Lei Hou , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang , Juanzi Li

Large language models (LLMs) have ushered in a new era for processing complex information in various fields, including science. The increasing amount of scientific literature allows these models to acquire and understand scientific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Huy Quoc To , Ming Liu , Guangyan Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) demonstrate impressive problem-solving skills in many tasks and domains. However, their ability to reason with complex images in academic domains has not been systematically…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Chenghao Ma , Haihong E. , Junpeng Ding , Jun Zhang , Ziyan Ma , Huang Qing , Bofei Gao , Liang Chen , Yifan Zhu , Meina Song

Advances in large language models (LLMs) have spurred research into enhancing their reasoning capabilities, particularly in math-rich STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) documents. While LLMs can generate equations or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiaru Zou , Qing Wang , Pratyush Thakur , Nickvash Kani

Recent LLMs have demonstrated remarkable performance in solving exam-like math word problems. However, the degree to which these numerical reasoning skills are effective in real-world scenarios, particularly in expert domains, is still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Yilun Zhao , Yitao Long , Hongjun Liu , Ryo Kamoi , Linyong Nan , Lyuhao Chen , Yixin Liu , Xiangru Tang , Rui Zhang , Arman Cohan

The relentless expansion of scientific literature presents significant challenges for navigation and knowledge discovery. Within Research Information Retrieval, established tasks such as text summarization and classification remain crucial…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Gautam Kishore Shahi , Oliver Hummel

Legal multi-label classification is a critical task for organizing and accessing the vast amount of legal documentation. Despite its importance, it faces challenges such as the complexity of legal language, intricate label dependencies, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Emily Johnson , Xavier Holt , Noah Wilson