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Vision transformers have emerged as a powerful tool across a wide range of applications, yet their inner workings remain only partially understood. In this work, we examine the phenomenon of massive tokens - tokens with exceptionally high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Andrew Lu , Wentinn Liao , Liuhui Wang , Huzheng Yang , Jianbo Shi

Transformers have emerged as a competitive alternative to convnets in vision tasks, yet they lack the architectural inductive bias of convnets, which may hinder their potential performance. Specifically, Vision Transformers (ViTs) are not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Hagay Michaeli , Daniel Soudry

Transformers (Vaswani et al., 2017) have brought a remarkable improvement in the performance of neural machine translation (NMT) systems but they could be surprisingly vulnerable to noise. In this work, we try to investigate how noise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Peyman Passban , Puneeth S. M. Saladi , Qun Liu

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance across various computer vision tasks, but their high computational cost remains a challenge. Token pruning has been proposed to reduce this cost by selectively removing…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Taehan Lee , Hyukjun Lee

Robustness to out-of-distribution data is crucial for deploying modern neural networks. Recently, Vision Transformers, such as SegFormer for semantic segmentation, have shown impressive robustness to visual corruptions like blur or noise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Alberto Gonzalo Rodriguez Salgado , Maying Shen , Philipp Harzig , Peter Mayer , Jose M. Alvarez

Removing noise from images is a challenging and fundamental problem in the field of computer vision. Images captured by modern cameras are inevitably degraded by noise which limits the accuracy of any quantitative measurements on those…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Nikhil Verma , Deepkamal Kaur , Lydia Chau

Vision Transformers (ViTs) take all the image patches as tokens and construct multi-head self-attention (MHSA) among them. Complete leverage of these image tokens brings redundant computations since not all the tokens are attentive in MHSA.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Youwei Liang , Chongjian Ge , Zhan Tong , Yibing Song , Jue Wang , Pengtao Xie

Vision Transformer (ViT) self-attention mechanism is characterized by feature collapse in deeper layers, resulting in the vanishing of low-level visual features. However, such features can be helpful to accurately represent and identify…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Anxhelo Diko , Danilo Avola , Marco Cascio , Luigi Cinque

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have shown success across a variety of tasks due to their ability to capture global image representations. Recent studies have identified the existence of high-norm tokens in ViTs, which can interfere with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Srikar Yellapragada , Kowshik Thopalli , Vivek Narayanaswamy , Wesam Sakla , Yang Liu , Yamen Mubarka , Dimitris Samaras , Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan

Vision Transformers (ViTs), when pre-trained on large-scale data, provide general-purpose representations for diverse downstream tasks. However, artifacts in ViTs are widely observed across different supervision paradigms and downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Cheng Shi , Yizhou Yu , Sibei Yang

We introduce A-ViT, a method that adaptively adjusts the inference cost of vision transformer (ViT) for images of different complexity. A-ViT achieves this by automatically reducing the number of tokens in vision transformers that are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Hongxu Yin , Arash Vahdat , Jose Alvarez , Arun Mallya , Jan Kautz , Pavlo Molchanov

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has emerged as a popular solution for adapting pre-trained Vision Transformer (ViT) models to downstream applications by updating only a small subset of parameters. While current PEFT methods have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Ting Liu , Xuyang Liu , Liangtao Shi , Zunnan Xu , Yue Hu , Siteng Huang , Yi Xin , Bineng Zhong , Donglin Wang

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in image classification, yet their attention mechanisms often remain opaque and exhibit dense, non-structured behaviors. In this work, we adapt our previously proposed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Vasileios Arampatzakis , George Pavlidis , Nikolaos Mitianoudis , Nikos Papamarkos

The Vision Transformer (ViT) architecture has become widely recognized in computer vision, leveraging its self-attention mechanism to achieve remarkable success across various tasks. Despite its strengths, ViT's optimization remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Haoyu Yun , Hamid Krim

Computer vision models normally witness degraded performance when deployed in real-world scenarios, due to unexpected changes in inputs that were not accounted for during training. Data augmentation is commonly used to address this issue,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Puru Vaish , Shunxin Wang , Nicola Strisciuglio

We propose and demonstrate an alternating Fourier and image domain filtering approach for feature extraction as an efficient alternative to build a vision backbone without using the computationally intensive attention. The performance among…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Yunling Zheng , Zeyi Xu , Fanghui Xue , Biao Yang , Jiancheng Lyu , Shuai Zhang , Yingyong Qi , Jack Xin

With Vision Transformers (ViTs) making great advances in a variety of computer vision tasks, recent literature have proposed various variants of vanilla ViTs to achieve better efficiency and efficacy. However, it remains unclear how their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Rui Tian , Zuxuan Wu , Qi Dai , Han Hu , Yu-Gang Jiang

Document image enhancement is a fundamental and important stage for attaining the best performance in any document analysis assignment because there are many degradation situations that could harm document images, making it more difficult…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Risab Biswas , Swalpa Kumar Roy , Umapada Pal

Vision Transformer (ViT) has demonstrated promising performance in computer vision tasks, comparable to state-of-the-art neural networks. Yet, this new type of deep neural network architecture is vulnerable to adversarial attacks limiting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Shashank Kotyan , Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have demonstrated remarkable success on large-scale datasets, but their performance on smaller datasets often falls short of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). This paper explores the design and optimization of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Gent Wu