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Reasoning large language models achieve impressive test-time scaling by thinking for longer, but this performance gain comes at significant compute cost. Directly limiting test-time budget hurts overall performance, but not all problems are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Menghua Wu , Cai Zhou , Stephen Bates , Tommi Jaakkola

Recent Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have shown strong performance on various audio understanding tasks such as speech translation and Audio Q\&A. However, they exhibit significant limitations on challenging audio reasoning tasks in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zhen Xiong , Yujun Cai , Zhecheng Li , Junsong Yuan , Yiwei Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at reasoning, traditionally requiring high-quality large-scale data and extensive training. Recent works reveal a very appealing Less-Is-More phenomenon where very small, carefully curated high-quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Rapheal Huang , Weilong Guo

Recent trends in test-time scaling for reasoning models (e.g., OpenAI o1, DeepSeek R1) have led to a popular belief that extending thinking traces using prompts like "Wait" or "Let me rethink" can improve performance. This raises a natural…

Thinking aloud is an effective meta-cognitive strategy human reasoners apply to solve difficult problems. We suggest to improve the reasoning ability of pre-trained neural language models in a similar way, namely by expanding a task's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Gregor Betz , Kyle Richardson , Christian Voigt

Test-time scaling is a promising new approach to language modeling that uses extra test-time compute to improve performance. Recently, OpenAI's o1 model showed this capability but did not publicly share its methodology, leading to many…

The ability of artificial intelligence (AI) systems to perceive and comprehend audio signals is crucial for many applications. Although significant progress has been made in this area since the development of AudioSet, most existing models…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-21 Yuan Gong , Hongyin Luo , Alexander H. Liu , Leonid Karlinsky , James Glass

Recent studies have shown that making a model spend more time thinking through longer Chain of Thoughts (CoTs) enables it to gain significant improvements in complex reasoning tasks. While current researches continue to explore the benefits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Wenkai Yang , Shuming Ma , Yankai Lin , Furu Wei

Recent advances in speech large language models (speech LLMs) have enabled seamless spoken interactions, but these systems still struggle with complex reasoning tasks. Previously, chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting or fine-tuning has been to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yi-Jen Shih , Desh Raj , Chunyang Wu , Wei Zhou , SK Bong , Yashesh Gaur , Jay Mahadeokar , Ozlem Kalinli , Mike Seltzer

Recent advances in Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have made real-time, streaming spoken interaction increasingly practical. In this setting, reasoning quality and responsiveness are tightly coupled: delaying reasoning until the speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zhiyuan Song , Weici Zhao , Yang Xiao , Suhao Yu , Cheng Zhu , Jiatao Gu

Recent advancements in multimodal reasoning have largely overlooked the audio modality. We introduce Audio-Reasoner, a large-scale audio language model for deep reasoning in audio tasks. We meticulously curated a large-scale and diverse…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Zhifei Xie , Mingbao Lin , Zihang Liu , Pengcheng Wu , Shuicheng Yan , Chunyan Miao

Recent advancements in the field of large language models, particularly through the Chain of Thought (CoT) approach, have demonstrated significant improvements in solving complex problems. However, existing models either tend to sacrifice…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Yijiong Yu

Sequential test-time scaling is a promising training-free method to improve large reasoning model accuracy, but as currently implemented, significant limitations have been observed. Inducing models to think for longer can increase their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Michael R. Metel , Yufei Cui , Boxing Chen , Prasanna Parthasarathi

The remarkable performance of the o1 model in complex reasoning demonstrates that test-time compute scaling can further unlock the model's potential, enabling powerful System-2 thinking. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yixin Ji , Juntao Li , Yang Xiang , Hai Ye , Kaixin Wu , Kai Yao , Jia Xu , Linjian Mo , Min Zhang

Recent advancements in large language models, multimodal large language models, and large audio language models (LALMs) have significantly improved their reasoning capabilities through reinforcement learning with rule-based rewards.…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Shu Wu , Chenxing Li , Wenfu Wang , Hao Zhang , Hualei Wang , Meng Yu , Dong Yu

Even without directly hearing sounds, humans can effortlessly reason about auditory properties, such as pitch, loudness, or sound-source associations, drawing on auditory commonsense. In contrast, language models often lack this capability,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Hyunjong Ok , Suho Yoo , Hyeonjun Kim , Jaeho Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) can achieve enhanced complex problem-solving through test-time computing scaling, yet this often entails longer contexts and numerous reasoning token costs. In this paper, we propose an efficient test-time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Zhaojian Yu , Yinghao Wu , Yilun Zhao , Arman Cohan , Xiao-Ping Zhang

We study a novel language model architecture that is capable of scaling test-time computation by implicitly reasoning in latent space. Our model works by iterating a recurrent block, thereby unrolling to arbitrary depth at test-time. This…

The use of large language models in digital forensics has been widely explored. Beyond identifying potential applications, research has also focused on optimizing model performance for forensic tasks through fine-tuning. However, limited…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Gaëtan Michelet , Janine Schneider , Aruna Withanage , Frank Breitinger

This work investigates two strategies for zero-shot non-intrusive speech assessment leveraging large language models. First, we explore the audio analysis capabilities of GPT-4o. Second, we propose GPT-Whisper, which uses Whisper as an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Ryandhimas E. Zezario , Sabato M. Siniscalchi , Hsin-Min Wang , Yu Tsao
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