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We present a novel federated multi-task learning method that leverages cross-client similarity to enable personalized learning for each client. To avoid transmitting the entire model to the parameter server, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Ahmed Elbakary , Chaouki Ben Issaid , Mehdi Bennis

Understanding causal relations is vital in scientific discovery. The process of causal structure learning involves identifying causal graphs from observational data to understand such relations. Usually, a central server performs this task,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Zhaoyu Wang , Pingchuan Ma , Shuai Wang

In-Context Learning (ICL) has emerged as an important new paradigm in natural language processing and large language model (LLM) applications. However, the theoretical understanding of the ICL mechanism remains limited. This paper aims to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Huaze Tang , Tianren Peng , Shao-lun Huang

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training of distributed clients while protecting privacy. To enhance generalization capability in FL, prototype-based FL is in the spotlight, since shared global prototypes offer semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Huan Wang , Jun Shen , Haoran Li , Zhenyu Yang , Jun Yan , Ousman Manjang , Yanlong Zhai , Di Wu , Guansong Pang

Federated learning (FL) facilitates a privacy-preserving neural network training paradigm through collaboration between edge clients and a central server. One significant challenge is that the distributed data is not independently and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Yu Qiao , Huy Q. Le , Mengchun Zhang , Apurba Adhikary , Chaoning Zhang , Choong Seon Hong

Federated- and Continual Learning have been established as approaches to enable privacy-aware learning on continuously changing data, as required for deploying AI systems in histopathology images. However, data shifts can occur in a dynamic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Niklas Babendererde , Haozhe Zhu , Moritz Fuchs , Jonathan Stieber , Anirban Mukhopadhyay

Federated prompt learning (FPL) for vision-language models is a powerful approach to collaboratively adapt models across distributed clients while preserving data privacy. However, existing FPL approaches suffer from a trade-off between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Xinting Liao , Weiming Liu , Jiaming Qian , Pengyang Zhou , Jiahe Xu , Wenjie Wang , Chaochao Chen , Xiaolin Zheng , Tat-Seng Chua

Federated learning is a method of training a global model from decentralized data distributed across client devices. Here, model parameters are computed locally by each client device and exchanged with a central server, which aggregates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Sagar Dhakal , Saurav Prakash , Yair Yona , Shilpa Talwar , Nageen Himayat

In this paper, we focus on the important yet understudied problem of Continual Federated Learning (CFL), where a server communicates with a set of clients to incrementally learn new concepts over time without sharing or storing any data.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Shaunak Halbe , James Seale Smith , Junjiao Tian , Zsolt Kira

Federated learning (FL) ameliorates privacy concerns in settings where a central server coordinates learning from data distributed across many clients. The clients train locally and communicate the models they learn to the server;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Monica Ribero , Haris Vikalo

General continual learning (GCL) challenges intelligent systems to learn from single-pass, non-stationary data streams without clear task boundaries. While recent advances in continual parameter-efficient tuning (PET) of pretrained models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Hongwei Yan , Guanglong Sun , Kanglei Zhou , Qian Li , Liyuan Wang , Yi Zhong

Despite the versatility of pre-trained language models (PLMs) across domains, their large memory footprints pose significant challenges in federated learning (FL), where the training model has to be distributed between a server and clients.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Yeachan Kim , Junho Kim , Wing-Lam Mok , Jun-Hyung Park , SangKeun Lee

We describe federated reconnaissance, a class of learning problems in which distributed clients learn new concepts independently and communicate that knowledge efficiently. In particular, we propose an evaluation framework and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Sean M. Hendryx , Dharma Raj KC , Bradley Walls , Clayton T. Morrison

Continual learning (CL) learns a sequence of tasks incrementally with the goal of achieving two main objectives: overcoming catastrophic forgetting (CF) and encouraging knowledge transfer (KT) across tasks. However, most existing techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Zixuan Ke , Bing Liu , Nianzu Ma , Hu Xu , Lei Shu

Federated learning (FL) effectively mitigates the data silo challenge brought about by policies and privacy concerns, implicitly harnessing more data for deep model training. However, traditional centralized FL models grapple with diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Li Lin , Yixiang Liu , Jiewei Wu , Pujin Cheng , Zhiyuan Cai , Kenneth K. Y. Wong , Xiaoying Tang

Federated continual learning (FCL) allows distributed autonomous fleets to adapt collaboratively to evolving terrain types across extended mission lifecycles. However, current approaches face several key challenges: 1) they use uniform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Beining Wu , Jun Huang

Federated Learning (FL) has gained significant attraction due to its ability to enable privacy-preserving training over decentralized data. Current literature in FL mostly focuses on single-task learning. However, over time, new tasks may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Yavuz Faruk Bakman , Duygu Nur Yaldiz , Yahya H. Ezzeldin , Salman Avestimehr

Continual learning (CL) refers to a machine learning paradigm that learns continuously without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. Thereby, major difficulty in CL is catastrophic forgetting of preceding tasks, caused by shifts in data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Stella Ho , Ming Liu , Lan Du , Longxiang Gao , Yong Xiang

Federated learning (FL) is a popular distributed machine learning (ML) paradigm, but is often limited by significant communication costs and edge device computation capabilities. Federated Split Learning (FSL) preserves the parallel model…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Yujia Mu , Cong Shen

This study addresses the generalization limitations commonly observed in large language models under multi-task and cross-domain settings. Unlike prior methods such as SPoT, which depends on fixed prompt templates, our study introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Xin Hu , Yue Kang , Guanzi Yao , Tianze Kang , Mengjie Wang , Heyao Liu
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