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Recent breakthroughs in generative reasoning have fundamentally reshaped how large language models (LLMs) address complex tasks, enabling them to dynamically retrieve, refine, and organize information into coherent multi-step reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Norbert Tihanyi , Merouane Debbah

Competitive programming, due to its high reasoning difficulty and precise correctness feedback, has become a key task for both training and evaluating the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, while a large amount…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Zihan Wang , Siyao Liu , Yang Sun , Hongyan Li , Kai Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4o can help automate text classification tasks at low cost and scale. However, there are major concerns about the validity and reliability of LLM outputs. By contrast, human coding is generally more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Conrad Borchers , Danielle R. Thomas , Jionghao Lin , Ralph Abboud , Kenneth R. Koedinger

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved excellent performances in various tasks. However, fine-tuning an LLM requires extensive supervision. Human, on the other hand, may improve their reasoning abilities by self-thinking without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Jiaxin Huang , Shixiang Shane Gu , Le Hou , Yuexin Wu , Xuezhi Wang , Hongkun Yu , Jiawei Han

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has shifted language model evaluation toward reasoning and problem-solving tasks as measures of general intelligence. Small Language Models (SLMs) -- defined here as models under 10B parameters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Gabriel Benedict , Matthew Butler , Naved Merchant , Eetu Salama-Laine

A major challenge for the operation of large language models (LLMs) is how to predict whether a specific LLM will produce sufficiently high-quality output for a given query. Existing approaches rely on external classifiers, most commonly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hossein Hosseini Kasnavieh , Gholamreza Haffari , Chris Leckie , Adel N. Toosi

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have witnessed remarkable growth, showcasing formidable capabilities in handling intricate multimodal tasks with exceptional performance. Recent research has underscored the inclination of large language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Haiqi Yang , Jinzhe Li , Gengxu Li , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

In-Car Conversational Question Answering (ConvQA) systems significantly enhance user experience by enabling seamless voice interactions. However, assessing their accuracy and reliability remains a challenge. This paper explores the use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Philipp Habicht , Lev Sorokin , Abdullah Saydemir , Ken E. Friedl , Andrea Stocco

Thinking Large Language Models (LLMs) generate explicit intermediate reasoning traces before final answers, potentially improving transparency, interpretability, and solution accuracy for code generation. However, the quality of these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Haoran Xue , Gias Uddin , Song Wang

This paper investigates the quality of source code comments automatically generated by Large Language Models (LLMs). While AI-based comment generation has emerged as a promising solution to reduce developers' documentation effort, prior…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Ian Guelman , Arthur Gregório Leal , Laerte Xavier , Marco Tulio Valente

Formal specification generation has recently drawn attention in software engineering as a way to improve program correctness without requiring manual annotations. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in this area, but early…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Ragib Shahariar Ayon , Shibbir Ahmed

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used to autonomously evaluate the quality of content in communication systems, e.g., to assess responses in telecom customer support chatbots. However, the impartiality of these AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiaxin Gao , Chen Chen , Yanwen Jia , Xueluan Gong , Kwok-Yan Lam , Qian Wang

Large Language Models have shown impressive capabilities in coding tasks like code generation and code completion, as they have been trained on a large amount of code data. Also, since one of the core pretraining objectives is Next Token…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Jayant Havare , Saurav Chaudhary , Ganesh Ramakrishnan , Kaushik Maharajan , Srikanth Tamilselvam

Integrating free-text explanations to in-context learning of large language models (LLM) is shown to elicit strong reasoning capabilities along with reasonable explanations. In this paper, we consider the problem of leveraging the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Shiyang Li , Jianshu Chen , Yelong Shen , Zhiyu Chen , Xinlu Zhang , Zekun Li , Hong Wang , Jing Qian , Baolin Peng , Yi Mao , Wenhu Chen , Xifeng Yan

We present Team asdfo123's submission to the LLMSR@XLLM25 shared task, which evaluates large language models on producing fine-grained, controllable, and interpretable reasoning processes. Systems must extract all problem conditions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Xinye Li , Mingqi Wan , Dianbo Sui

Formal verification can provably guarantee the correctness of critical system software, but the high proof burden has long hindered its wide adoption. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown success in code analysis and synthesis.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Jianan Yao , Ziqiao Zhou , Weiteng Chen , Weidong Cui

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have improved their performance on coding benchmarks. However, improvement is plateauing due to the exhaustion of readily available high-quality data. Prior work has shown the potential of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zi Lin , Sheng Shen , Ilia Kulikov , Jingbo Shang , Jason Weston , Yixin Nie

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate structured outputs, such as JSON, is crucial for their use in Compound AI Systems. However, evaluating and improving this capability remains challenging. In this work, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Connor Shorten , Charles Pierse , Thomas Benjamin Smith , Erika Cardenas , Akanksha Sharma , John Trengrove , Bob van Luijt

This study introduces a framework for evaluating consistency in large language model (LLM) binary text classification, addressing the lack of established reliability assessment methods. Adapting psychometric principles, we determine sample…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Fadel M. Megahed , Ying-Ju Chen , L. Allision Jones-Farmer , Younghwa Lee , Jiawei Brooke Wang , Inez M. Zwetsloot

Large Language Models (LLMs) are nowadays extensively used for various types of software engineering tasks, primarily code generation. Previous research has shown how suitable prompt engineering could help developers in improving their code…