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Binary black holes (BBHs) are one of the endpoints of isolated binary evolution, and their mergers a leading channel for gravitational wave events. Here, using the evolutionary code \textsc{StarTrack}, we study the statistical properties of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-04-19 Rosalba Perna , Martyna Chruslinska , Alessandra Corsi , Krzysztof Belczynski

One striking feature of binary black hole (BBH) mergers observed in the first decade of gravitational-wave astronomy is an excess of events with component masses around $35\,\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$. Multiple formation channels have been…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-17 Soumendra Kishore Roy , Lieke A. C. van Son , Will M. Farr

We consider the information that can be derived about massive black-hole binary populations and their formation history solely from current and possible future pulsar timing array (PTA) results. We use models of the stochastic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-11-11 Hannah Middleton , Walter Del Pozzo , Will M. Farr , Alberto Sesana , Alberto Vecchio

Gravitational waves inform about the probable distances at which an observed signal originated. This information when combined over multiple observations is used in the modeling of the redshift evolution of the merger rate. This is an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-12-17 Vaibhav Tiwari

Repeated black-hole mergers in dense stellar clusters are a plausible mechanism to populate the predicted gap in black hole masses due to the pair-instability supernova process. These hierarchical mergers carry distinct spin characteristics…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-06 Cailin Plunkett , Thomas Callister , Michael Zevin , Salvatore Vitale

Black hole binaries formed dynamically in globular clusters are believed to be one of the main sources of gravitational waves in the Universe. Here, we use our new population synthesis code, cBHBd, to determine the redshift evolution of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-01-04 Fabio Antonini , Mark Gieles

We use our cluster population model, cBHBd, to explore the mass distribution of merging black hole binaries formed dynamically in globular clusters. We include in our models the effect of mass growth through hierarchical mergers and compare…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-04-12 Fabio Antonini , Mark Gieles , Fani Dosopoulou , Debatri Chattopadhyay

The initial separation of massive star binaries sets the timescale over which their compact remnants merge through the emission of gravitational waves. We show that the delay time distribution (DTD) of binary neutron stars or black holes…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-10-07 Mohammadtaher Safarzadeh , Sylvia Biscoveanu , Abraham Loeb

The advent of gravitational-wave astronomy is now allowing for the study of compact binary merger demographics throughout the Universe. This information can be leveraged as tools for understanding massive stars, their environments, and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-04-12 Kevin Turbang , Max Lalleman , Thomas A. Callister , Nick van Remortel

Studying how the black hole (BH) - (galaxy) bulge mass relation evolves with redshift provides valuable insights into the co-evolution of supermassive black holes and their host galaxies. However, obtaining accurate measurement of BH masses…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-13 Musfar Muhamed Kozhikkal , Siyuan Chen , Gilles Theureau , Melanie Habouzit , Alberto Sesana

We study the evolution of the binary black hole (BBH) mass distribution across cosmic time. The second gravitational-wave transient catalog (GWTC-2) from LIGO/Virgo contains BBH events out to redshifts $z \sim 1$, with component masses in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-12 Maya Fishbach , Zoheyr Doctor , Thomas Callister , Bruce Edelman , Jiani Ye , Reed Essick , Will M. Farr , Ben Farr , Daniel E. Holz

The mass, spin, and merger rate distribution of the binary black holes (BBHs) across cosmic redshifts provide a unique way to shed light on their formation channel. Along with the redshift dependence of the BBH merger rate, the mass…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-14 Christos Karathanasis , Suvodip Mukherjee , Simone Mastrogiovanni

The recent release of the second Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-2) has increased significantly the number of known GW events, enabling unprecedented constraints on formation models of compact binaries. One pressing question is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-04-28 Kaze W. K. Wong , Katelyn Breivik , Kyle Kremer , Thomas Callister

Gravitational wave detectors are observing an increasing number of binary black hole (BBH) mergers, revealing a bimodal mass distribution of BBHs, which hints at diverse formation histories for these systems. Using the rapid binary…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-10 Lei Li , Guoliang Lv , Chunhua Zhu , Sufen Guo , Hongwei Ge , Weimin Gu , Zhuowen Li , Xiaolong He

Wide black hole binaries (wide-BBHs; $\geqslant 10^3$ AU) in the field can be perturbed by random stellar flybys that excite their eccentricities. Once a wide binary is driven to a sufficiently small pericenter approach, gravitational wave…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-06-22 Yael Raveh , Erez Michaely , Hagai Binyamin Perets

Retrieving the mass of a gravitational-wave (GW) source is a fundamental but difficult problem because the mass is degenerate with redshift. In astronomy, three types of redshift exist, namely cosmological, Doppler, and gravitational…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-04-17 Xian Chen , Shuo Li , Zhoujian Cao

Rapid binary population synthesis codes are often used to investigate the evolution of compact-object binaries. They typically rely on analytical fits of single-star evolutionary tracks and parameterized models for interactive phases of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-12-08 Monica Gallegos-Garcia , Christopher P L Berry , Pablo Marchant , Vicky Kalogera

Astrophysically motivated population models for binary black hole observables are often insufficient to capture the imprints of multiple formation channels. This is mainly due to the strongly parametrized nature of such investigations.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-04-05 Anarya Ray , Ignacio Magaña Hernandez , Katelyn Breivik , Jolien Creighton

We introduce the first complete non-parametric model for the astrophysical distribution of the binary black hole (BBH) population. Constructed from basis splines, we use these models to conduct the most comprehensive data-driven…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-29 Bruce Edelman , Ben Farr , Zoheyr Doctor

The recent discovery of GW150914, the binary black hole merger detected by Advanced LIGO, has the potential to revolutionize observational astrophysics. But to fully utilize this new window into the universe, we must compare these new…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-04-20 Carl L. Rodriguez , Sourav Chatterjee , Frederic A. Rasio