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A digital twin can be defined as an adaptive model of a complex physical system. Recent advances in computational pipelines, multiphysics solvers, artificial intelligence, big data cybernetics, data processing and management tools bring the…
Digital twins are models of real-world systems that can simulate their dynamics in response to potential actions. In complex settings, the state and action variables, and available data and knowledge relevant to a system can constantly…
Digital twins have emerged as a transformative technology for modeling and simulation in various industries, including defense. This paper provides a comprehensive review of digital twin applications in defense modeling and simulation,…
To solve complex tasks, large language models (LLMs) often require multiple rounds of interactions with the user, sometimes assisted by external tools. However, current evaluation protocols often emphasize benchmark performance with…
Single-arm trials are an important study design for evaluating drug efficacy and safety without enrolling patients into a control arm. Although they do not provide the gold-standard evidence of randomized controlled trials, they are…
Medical digital twins are computational models of human biology relevant to a given medical condition, which can be tailored to an individual patient, thereby predicting the course of disease and individualized treatments, an important goal…
Digital Twin (DT) has gained great interest as an innovative technology in Industry 4.0 that enables advanced modeling, simulation, and optimization of service and manufacturing systems. This article provides an extensive review of the…
Large Language Models (LLMs) have become foundational in modern language-driven software applications, profoundly influencing daily life. A critical technique in leveraging their potential is role-playing, where LLMs simulate diverse roles…
Digital twins are sophisticated software systems for the representation, monitoring, and control of cyber-physical systems, including automotive, avionics, smart manufacturing, and many more. Existing definitions and reference models of…
Large language models (LLMs) exhibit cognitive biases -- systematic tendencies of irrational decision-making, similar to those seen in humans. Prior work has found that these biases vary across models and can be amplified by instruction…
Surveys are widely used in social sciences to understand human behavior, but their implementation often involves iterative adjustments that demand significant effort and resources. To this end, researchers have increasingly turned to large…
Recent technological developments and advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have enabled sophisticated capabilities to be a part of Digital Twin (DT), virtually making it possible to introduce automation into all aspects of work…
Accurate and verifiable large language model (LLM) simulations of human research subjects promise an accessible data source for understanding human behavior and training new AI systems. However, results to date have been limited, and few…
LLMs are emerging tools for simulating human behavior in business, economics, and social science, offering a lower-cost complement to laboratory experiments, field studies, and surveys. This paper evaluates how well LLMs replicate human…
Short-video platforms are closed-loop, human-in-the-loop ecosystems where platform policy, creator incentives, and user behavior co-evolve. This feedback structure makes counterfactual policy evaluation difficult in production, especially…
Subjective well-being is a key metric in economic, medical, and policy decision-making. As artificial intelligence provides scalable tools for modelling human outcomes, it is crucial to evaluate whether large language models (LLMs) can…
Large language models (LLMs) increasingly operate in environments where they encounter social information such as other agents' answers, tool outputs, or human recommendations. In humans, such inputs influence judgments in ways that depend…
The digital twin of humans is a relatively new concept. While many diverse definitions, architectures, and applications exist, a clear picture is missing on what, in fact, makes a human digital twin. Within this context, researchers and…
Behavior models form an integral component of Digital Twins. The specific characteristics of these models may vary depending on the use case. One of these key characteristics is the modeling depth. Behavior models with a lower modeling…
Current large language model (LLM) agents lack authentic human psychological processes necessary for genuine digital twins and social AI applications. To address this limitation, we present a computational implementation of Global Workspace…