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Multi-objective optimization (MOO) problems require balancing competing objectives, often under constraints. The Pareto optimal solution set defines all possible optimal trade-offs over such objectives. In this work, we present a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Soumyajit Gupta , Gurpreet Singh , Raghu Bollapragada , Matthew Lease

In practical multi-criterion decision-making, it is cumbersome if a decision maker (DM) is asked to choose among a set of trade-off alternatives covering the whole Pareto-optimal front. This is a paradox in conventional evolutionary…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Ke Li , Guiyu Lai , Xin Yao

Optimizing multiple, non-preferential objectives for mixed-variable, expensive black-box problems is important in many areas of engineering and science. The expensive, noisy, black-box nature of these problems makes them ideal candidates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Haris Moazam Sheikh , Philip S. Marcus

Multi-objective optimization is a widely studied problem in diverse fields, such as engineering and finance, that seeks to identify a set of non-dominated solutions that provide optimal trade-offs among competing objectives. However, the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Arash Heidari , Sebastian Rojas Gonzalez , Tom Dhaene , Ivo Couckuyt

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is critical for enhancing LLMs' safety, helpfulness, humor, faithfulness, etc. Current reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) mainly focuses on a fixed reward learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Qiang He , Yucheng Yang , Tianyi Zhou , Meng Fang , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Setareh Maghsudi

In contrast to single-objective optimization (SOO), multi-objective optimization (MOO) requires an optimizer to find the Pareto frontier, a subset of feasible solutions that are not dominated by other feasible solutions. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Yiyang Zhao , Linnan Wang , Kevin Yang , Tianjun Zhang , Tian Guo , Yuandong Tian

Autonomous robots are increasingly utilized in realistic scenarios with multiple complex tasks. In these scenarios, there may be a preferred way of completing all of the given tasks, but it is often in conflict with optimal execution.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Peter Amorese , Morteza Lahijanian

One drawback of evolutionary multiobjective optimization algorithms (EMOA) has traditionally been high computational cost to create an approximation of the Pareto front: number of required objective function evaluations usually grows high.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Timo Aittokoski , Suvi Tarkkanen

Multiobjective optimization (MOO) is prevalent in numerous applications, in which a Pareto front (PF) is constructed to display optima under various preferences. Previous methods commonly utilize the set of Pareto objectives (particles on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Xiaoyuan Zhang , Xi Lin , Yichi Zhang , Yifan Chen , Qingfu Zhang

The ultimate goal of multi-objective optimisation is to help a decision maker (DM) identify solution(s) of interest (SOI) achieving satisfactory trade-offs among multiple conflicting criteria. This can be realised by leveraging DM's…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Ke Li , Minhui Liao , Kalyanmoy Deb , Geyong Min , Xin Yao

Optimization has found numerous applications in engineering, particularly since 1960s. Many optimization applications in engineering have more than one objective (or performance criterion). Such applications require multi-objective (or…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-07-16 Zhiyuan Wang , Seyed Reza Nabavi , Gade Pandu Rangaiah

Alignment in artificial intelligence pursues the consistency between model responses and human preferences as well as values. In practice, the multifaceted nature of human preferences inadvertently introduces what is known as the "alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Yiju Guo , Ganqu Cui , Lifan Yuan , Ning Ding , Zexu Sun , Bowen Sun , Huimin Chen , Ruobing Xie , Jie Zhou , Yankai Lin , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Multiobjective combinatorial optimization (MOCO) problems can be found in many real-world applications. However, exactly solving these problems would be very challenging, particularly when they are NP-hard. Many handcrafted heuristic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Xi Lin , Zhiyuan Yang , Qingfu Zhang

For aligning large language models (LLMs), prior work has leveraged reinforcement learning via human feedback (RLHF) or variations of direct preference optimization (DPO). While DPO offers a simpler framework based on maximum likelihood…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Anirudhan Badrinath , Prabhat Agarwal , Jiajing Xu

Solving multi-objective optimization problems for large deep neural networks is a challenging task due to the complexity of the loss landscape and the expensive computational cost of training and evaluating models. Efficient Pareto front…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Anke Tang , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Shiwei Liu , Han Hu , Bo Du

Multi-objective preference alignment of large language models (LLMs) is critical for developing AI systems that are more configurable, personalizable, helpful, and safe. However, optimizing model outputs to satisfy diverse objectives with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Raghav Gupta , Ryan Sullivan , Yunxuan Li , Samrat Phatale , Abhinav Rastogi

Multi-objective optimization (MOO) is a well-studied problem for several important recommendation problems. While multiple approaches have been proposed, in this work, we focus on using constrained optimization formulations (e.g., quadratic…

Applications · Statistics 2016-02-16 Kinjal Basu , Ankan Saha , Shaunak Chatterjee

AI inference scaling is often tuned through 1D heuristics (a fixed reasoning pass) or 2D bivariate trade-offs (e.g., accuracy vs. compute), which fail to consider cost and latency constraints. We introduce a 3D optimization framework that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Minseok Jung , Abhas Ricky , Muhammad Rameez Chatni

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications that require careful balancing of multiple, often conflicting, objectives, such as informativeness versus conciseness, or helpfulness versus creativity.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Qiang He , Setareh Maghsudi

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with diverse and multifaceted user preferences is a fundamental challenge in personalized AI systems. Existing multi-objective alignment methods either rely on costly training or require pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Linhao Luo , Thuy-Trang Vu , Van-Anh Nguyen , Junae Kim , Gholamreza Haffari , Dinh Phung