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It is known that DP-coloring is a generalization of a list coloring in simple graphs and many results in list coloring can be generalized in those of DP-coloring. In this work, we introduce a relaxed DP-coloring which is a generalization if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-12 Pongpat Sittitrai , Kittikorn Nakprasit

Total coloring of a graph is a coloring of its vertices and edges such that adjacent or incident elements receive distinct colors. Total coloring conjecture (stipulating that the total chromatic number of a graph $G$ is at most…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-25 František Kardoš , Matúš Matok

Deciding whether a planar graph (even of maximum degree $4$) is $3$-colorable is NP-complete. Determining subclasses of planar graphs being $3$-colorable has a long history, but since Gr\"{o}tzsch's result that triangle-free planar graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-15 François Dross , Borut Lužar , Mária Maceková , Roman Soták

Square coloring is a variant of graph coloring where vertices within distance two must receive different colors. When considering planar graphs, the most famous conjecture (Wegner, 1977) states that $\frac32\Delta+1$ colors are sufficient…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-24 Nicolas Bousquet , Quentin Deschamps , Lucas de Meyer , Théo Pierron

This paper studies edge-precoloring extensions in Cartesian products of graphs, motivated by a conjecture of Casselgren, Petros, and Fufa. We formulate a general hypothesis stating that if every edge-precoloring of $G$ and $H$ of sizes…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Pál Bärnkopf , Ervin Győri

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph. A (proper) $k$-edge-coloring is a coloring of the edges of $G$ such that any pair of edges sharing an endpoint receive distinct colors. A classical result of Vizing ensures that any simple graph $G$ admits a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-07 Nicolas Bousquet , Bastien Durain

For graphs $G$ and $H$, an $H$-coloring of $G$ is a map from the vertices of $G$ to the vertices of $H$ that preserves edge adjacency. We consider the following extremal enumerative question: for a given $H$, which connected $n$-vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-21 John Engbers

For planar graphs, we consider the problems of \emph{list edge coloring} and \emph{list total coloring}. Edge coloring is the problem of coloring the edges while ensuring that two edges that are adjacent receive different colors. Total…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-05-15 Marthe Bonamy , Benjamin Lévêque , Alexandre Pinlou

Let $c$ be a proper edge colouring of a graph $G=(V,E)$ with integers $1,2,\ldots,k$. Then $k\geq \Delta(G)$, while by Vizing's theorem, no more than $k=\Delta(G)+1$ is necessary for constructing such $c$. On the course of investigating…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-03-07 Marthe Bonamy , Jakub Przybyło

A fractional matching of a graph $G$ is a function $h: E(G) \to [0,1]$ such that $\sum_{e \in E_G(v)} h(e) \leq 1$ for every vertex $v \in V(G)$, where $E_G(v)$ is the set of edges incident to $v$. If $\sum_{e \in E_G(v)} h(e) = 1$ for all…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-05 Xiyan Bai , Tao Wang , Mengke Yang , Xiaojing Yang

A graph is k-choosable if it can be colored whenever every vertex has a list of at least k available colors. We prove that if cycles of length at most four in a planar graph G are pairwise far apart, then G is 3-choosable. This is analogous…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-05-28 Z. Dvorak

Let $\binom{X}{h}$ be the collection of all $h$-subsets of an $n$-set $X\supseteq Y$. Given a coloring (partition) of a set $S\subseteq \binom{X}{h}$, we are interested in finding conditions under which this coloring is extendible to a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-08 Amin Bahmanian

A well-studied concept is that of the total chromatic number. A proper total colouring of a graph is a colouring of both vertices and edges so that every pair of adjacent vertices receive different colours, every pair of adjacent edges…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-09-14 Tom Coker , Karen Johannson

A celebrated result of Thomassen states that not only can every planar graph be colored properly with five colors, but no matter how arbitrary palettes of five colors are assigned to vertices, one can choose a color from the corresponding…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-05-10 Maria Axenovich , Joan P. Hutchinson , Michelle A. Lastrina

The inclusion relation between simple objects in the plane may be used to define geometric set systems, or hypergraphs. Properties of various types of colorings of these hypergraphs have been the subject of recent investigations, with…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Jean Cardinal , Matias Korman

A graph $G$ is said to be $k$-extendable if every matching of size $k$ in $G$ can be extended to a perfect matching of $G$, where $k$ is a positive integer. We say $G$ is $1$-excludable if for every edge $e$ of $G$, there exists a perfect…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-26 Shujing Miao , Shuchao Li , Wei Wei

A 2-distance $k$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper $k$-coloring such that any two vertices at distance two or less get different colors. The 2-distance chromatic number of $G$ is the minimum $k$ such that $G$ has a 2-distance…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-01 Kengo Aoki

Let G be a plane graph with exactly one triangle T and all other cycles of length at least 5, and let C be a facial cycle of G of length at most six. We prove that a 3-coloring of C does not extend to a 3-coloring of G if and only if C has…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-03-28 Zdenek Dvorak , Dan Kral , Robin Thomas

A total coloring of a graph $G$ is a coloring of its vertices and edges such that no adjacent vertices, edges, and no incident vertices and edges obtain the same color. An interval total $t$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a total coloring of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-08-12 Petros A. Petrosyan , Nerses A. Khachatryan

Gallai's colouring theorem states that if the edges of a complete graph are 3-coloured, with each colour class forming a connected (spanning) subgraph, then there is a triangle that has all 3 colours. What happens for more colours: if we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-02-24 Imre Leader , Ta Sheng Tan