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Malicious developer intents in smart contracts constitute significant security threats to decentralized applications, leading to substantial economic losses. Prior work introduced SmartIntentNN, a deep learning model for detecting unsafe…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Youwei Huang , Jianwen Li , Bin Hu , Sen Fang , Yao Li , Peng Yang

Smart contracts on the blockchain offer decentralized financial services but often lack robust security measures, leading to significant economic losses. While substantial research has focused on identifying vulnerabilities in smart…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Youwei Huang , Sen Fang , Jianwen Li , Bin Hu , Tao Zhang

Smart contracts are a major tool in Ethereum transactions. Therefore hackers can exploit them by adding code vulnerabilities to their sources and using these vulnerabilities for performing malicious transactions. This paper presents two…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Natan Katz

Smart contracts are self-executing programs that manage financial transactions on blockchain networks. Developers commonly rely on third-party code libraries to improve both efficiency and security. However, improper use of these libraries…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yishun Wang , Wenkai Li , Xiaoqi Li , Zongwei Li , Lei Xie , Yuqing Zhang

The wide application of Ethereum technology has brought technological innovation to traditional industries. As one of Ethereum's core applications, smart contracts utilize diverse contract codes to meet various functional needs and have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jiacheng Yao , Maolin Wang , Wanqi Chen , Chengxiang Jin , Jiajun Zhou , Shanqing Yu , Qi Xuan

Front-running attacks have been a major concern on the blockchain. Attackers launch front-running attacks by inserting additional transactions before upcoming victim transactions to manipulate victim transaction executions and make profits.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Wuqi Zhang , Lili Wei , Shing-Chi Cheung , Yepang Liu , Shuqing Li , Lu Liu , Michael R. Lyu

In this work we propose Dynamit, a monitoring framework to detect reentrancy vulnerabilities in Ethereum smart contracts. The novelty of our framework is that it relies only on transaction metadata and balance data from the blockchain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Mojtaba Eshghie , Cyrille Artho , Dilian Gurov

With the development of blockchain technologies, the number of smart contracts deployed on blockchain platforms is growing exponentially, which makes it difficult for users to find desired services by manual screening. The automatic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Chaochen Shi , Yong Xiang , Robin Ram Mohan Doss , Jiangshan Yu , Keshav Sood , Longxiang Gao

Smart contracts are Turing-complete programs running on the blockchain. They are immutable and cannot be modified, even when bugs are detected. Therefore, ensuring smart contracts are bug-free and well-designed before deploying them to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Jiachi Chen , Xin Xia , David Lo , John Grundy , Xiapu Luo , Ting Chen

Reentrancy remains one of the most critical classes of vulnerabilities in Ethereum smart contracts, yet widely used detection tools and datasets continue to reflect outdated patterns and obsolete Solidity versions. This paper adopts a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Dalila Ressi , Alvise Spanò , Matteo Rizzo , Lorenzo Benetollo , Sabina Rossi

With the rapid advancement of blockchain technology, smart contracts have enabled the implementation of increasingly complex functionalities. However, ensuring the security of smart contracts remains a persistent challenge across the stages…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Yuchen Ding , Hongli Peng , Xiaoqi Li

The rise of modern blockchains has facilitated the emergence of smart contracts: autonomous programs that live and run on the blockchain. Smart contracts have seen a rapid climb to prominence, with applications predicted in law, business,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-09-12 Lexi Brent , Anton Jurisevic , Michael Kong , Eric Liu , Francois Gauthier , Vincent Gramoli , Ralph Holz , Bernhard Scholz

As the Ethereum platform continues to mature and gain widespread usage, it is crucial to maintain high standards of smart contract writing practices. While bad practices in smart contracts may not directly lead to security issues, they do…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zongwei Li , Xiaoqi Li , Wenkai Li , Xin Wang

Smart contracts play a central role in blockchain systems by encoding financial and operational logic. Still, their susceptibility to subtle security flaws poses significant risks of financial loss and erosion of trust. LLMs create new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Eduardo Sardenberg , Antonio José Grandson Busson , Daniel de Sousa Moraes , Julio Cesar Duarte , Sérgio Colcher

Blockchain technology (BT) Ethereum Smart Contracts allows programmable transactions that involve the transfer of monetary assets among peers on a BT network independent of a central authorizing agency. Ethereum Smart Contracts are programs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Noama Fatima Samreen , Manar H. Alalfi

With the escalating prevalence of malicious activities exploiting vulnerabilities in blockchain systems, there is an urgent requirement for robust attack detection mechanisms. To address this challenge, this paper presents a novel…

Smart contracts play a significant role in automating blockchain services. Nevertheless, vulnerabilities in smart contracts pose serious threats to blockchain security. Currently, traditional detection methods primarily rely on static…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Tenghui Huang , Jinbo Wen , Jiawen Kang , Siyong Chen , Zhengtao Li , Tao Zhang , Dongning Liu , Jiacheng Wang , Chengjun Cai , Yinqiu Liu , Dusit Niyato

Many Ethereum smart contracts rely on block attributes such as block.timestamp or blockhash to generate random numbers for applications like lotteries and games. However, these values are predictable and miner-manipulable, creating the Bad…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Hadis Rezaei , Rahim Taheri , Francesco Palmieri

Ethereum smart contracts are highly powerful, immutable, and able to retain massive amounts of tokens. However, smart contracts keep attracting attackers to benefit from smart contract flaws and Ethereum unexpected behavior. Thus,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Wejdene Haouari , Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid , Marios Fokaefs

This paper provides a systematic analysis of the opportunities, challenges, and potential solutions of harnessing Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 to dig out vulnerabilities within smart contracts based on our ongoing research.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Sihao Hu , Tiansheng Huang , Fatih İlhan , Selim Furkan Tekin , Ling Liu