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Recent advances in reconfigurable antennas have led to the new concept of the fluid antenna system (FAS) for shape and position flexibility, as another degree of freedom for wireless communication enhancement. This paper explores the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-15 Jiangong Chen , Yue Xiao , Zhendong Peng , Jing Zhu , Xia Lei , Christos Masouros , Kai-Kit Wong

This paper addresses the hardware structure of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) and presents a comprehensive overview of RIS design, considering both unit design and prototype systems. It commences by tracing the evolutionary…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-26 Rujing Xiong , Jianan Zhang , Fuhai Wang , Zhengyu Wang , Xiang Ren , Junshuo Liu , Jialong Lu , Kai Wan , Tiebin Mi , Robert Caiming Qiu

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) are expected to play a crucial role in reaching the key performance indicators (KPIs) for future 6G networks. Their competitive edge over conventional technologies lies in their ability to control…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Antonio Albanese , Francesco Devoti , Vincenzo Sciancalepore , Marco Di Renzo , Albert Banchs , Xavier Costa-Pérez

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are a promising solution to improve the coverage of cellular networks, thanks to their ability to steer impinging signals in desired directions. However, they introduce an overhead in the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-21 Anna V. Guglielmi , Stefano Tomasin

We consider a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) that can implement a phase rotation continuously over the whole surface rather than via a finite number of discrete elements. Such an RIS can be considered a design for future systems…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-18 Amy S. Inwood , Peter J. Smith , Mahmoud AlaaEldin , Michail Matthaiou

Interference and scattering, often deemed undesirable, are inevitable in wireless communications, especially when the current mobile networks and upcoming sixth generation (6G) have turned into ultra-dense networks. Current approaches…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-02-10 Baiyang Liu , Kin-Fai Tong , Kai-Kit Wong , Chan-Byoung Chae , Hang Wong

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have attracted the attention of academia and industry circles because of their ability to control the electromagnetic characteristics of channel environments. However, it has been found that the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-02 Yajun Zhao , Xin Lv

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) can improve the communications between a source and a destination. Recently, continuous aperture RIS is proved to have better communication performance than discrete aperture RIS and has received…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-04 Yuhua Jiang , Feifei Gao , Mengnan Jian , Shun Zhang , Wei Zhang

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted communication appears as one of the potential enablers for sixth generation (6G) wireless networks by providing a new degree of freedom in the system design to telecom operators.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-21 E. Basar , I. Yildirim , F. Kilinc

Fluid antenna system (FAS) is an emerging technology that uses the new form of shape- and position-reconfigurable antennas to empower the physical layer for wireless communications. Prior studies on FAS were however limited to narrowband…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-30 Hanjiang Hong , Kai-Kit Wong , Haoyang Li , Hao Xu , Han Xiao , Hyundong Shin , Kin-Fai Tong , Yangyang Zhang

In this work we address the distance dependence of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS). As differentiating factor to other works in the literature, we focus on the array near-field, what allows us to comprehend and expose the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-08 J. Bucheli Garcia , A. Sibille , M. Kamoun

Curved reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) represent a promising frontier for next-generation wireless communication, enabling adaptive wavefront control on nonplanar platforms such as unmanned aerial vehicles and urban…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-02 Filippo Pepe , Ivan Iudice , Giuseppe Castaldi , Marco Di Renzo , Vincenzo Galdi

In this paper, we investigate the question of which technology, fluid antenna systems (FAS) or active reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (ARIS), plays a more crucial role in FAS-ARIS wireless communication systems. To address this, we…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-20 Junteng Yao , Liaoshi Zhou , Tuo Wu , Ming Jin , Chongwen Huang , Chau Yuen

Various visions on the forthcoming sixth Generation (6G) networks point towards flexible connect-and-compute technologies to support future innovative services and the corresponding use cases. 6G should be capable to accommodate…

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces have emerged as a promising hardware platform for shaping wireless propagation environments at millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) frequencies and beyond. While many existing studies emphasize channel modeling and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-27 Ruiqi Wang , Pinjun Zheng , Yiming Yang , Xiarui Su , Mohammad Vaseem , Anas Chaaban , Md. Jahangir Hossain , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri , Atif Shamim

By flexibly manipulating the radio propagation environment, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising technique for future wireless communications. However, the single-side coverage and double-fading attenuation faced by…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Ailing Zheng , Wanli Ni , Wen Wang , Hui Tian

In this paper, we propose and study a multi-functional reconfigurable intelligent surface (MF-RIS) architecture. In contrast to conventional single-functional RIS (SF-RIS) that only reflects signals, the proposed MF-RIS simultaneously…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-05 Wen Wang , Wanli Ni , Hui Tian , Yonina C. Eldar , Rui Zhang

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) constitute the enabler for programmable propagation of electromagnetic signals, and are lately being considered as a candidate physical-layer technology for the demanding connectivity, reliability,…

More and more applications that require high reliability and fault tolerance are realized with wireless network architectures and thus ultimately rely on the wireless channels, which can be subject to impairments and blockages. Hence, these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-02 Kevin Weinberger , Robert-Jeron Reifert , Aydin Sezgin , Ertugrul Basar

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been regarded as a promising technique due to its high array gain and low power. However, the traditional passive RIS suffers from the ``double fading'' effect, which has restricted the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Hao Xie , Dong Li