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Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) is an essential paradigm that enhances the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing methods typically rely on static policy optimization schemes that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yiming Huang , Zhenbo Shi , Shuzheng Gao , Cuiyun Gao , Peiyi Han , Chuanyi Liu

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) or verifiable rewards (RLVR), the standard paradigm for aligning LLMs or building recent SOTA reasoning models, is highly sensitive to noise from inconsistent or erroneous rewards. Yet, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Omar El Mansouri , Fathinah Asma Izzati , Mohamed El Amine Seddik , Salem Lahlou

Recent works have demonstrated the effectiveness of reinforcement learning (RL)-based post-training for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). In particular, Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has shown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Jinyoung Park , Jeehye Na , Jinyoung Kim , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Reinforcement Learning from Verifier Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a widely used approach for post-training large language models on reasoning tasks, with group-based methods such as GRPO and its variants gaining broad adoption. These…

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has been a key driver of recent progress in reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) for large language models, but it is typically trained in a low-staleness, near-on-policy regime…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Minghao Tian , Yunfei Xie , Chen Wei

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has achieved substantial gains in single-attempt accuracy (Pass@1) on reasoning tasks, yet often suffers from reduced multi-sample coverage (Pass@K), indicating diversity collapse. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Anamika Lochab , Bolian Li , Ruqi Zhang

Recent advancements in Reinforcement Learning (RL), particularly Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), have significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models. However, applying these problem-centric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yihong Tang , Kehai Chen , Liang Yue , Benyou Wang , Min Zhang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a promising paradigm for post-training reasoning models. However, group-based methods such as Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) face a critical dilemma in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yuning Wu , Ke Wang , Devin Chen , Kai Wei

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) plays a pivotal role in improving the reasoning ability of large language models. However, widely used PPO surrogate objectives are fundamentally local, as they rely on a local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Deokgyu Yoon , Hyungkyu Kang , Joongkyu Lee , Byeongchan Kim , Gyungin Shin , Sungrae Park , Min-hwan Oh

Recent advances in Large Language Model (LLM) agents have demonstrated their promising general capabilities. However, their performance in specialized real-world domains often degrades due to challenges in effectively integrating external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yuzheng Cai , Siqi Cai , Yuchen Shi , Zihan Xu , Lichao Chen , Yulei Qin , Xiaoyu Tan , Gang Li , Zongyi Li , Haojia Lin , Yong Mao , Ke Li , Xing Sun

Reinforcement learning with verifiable reward has recently emerged as a central paradigm for post-training large language models (LLMs); however, prevailing mean-based methods, such as Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Tao Ren , Jinyang Jiang , Hui Yang , Wan Tian , Minhao Zou , Guanghao Li , Zishi Zhang , Qinghao Wang , Shentao Qin , Yanjun Zhao , Rui Tao , Hui Shao , Yijie Peng

Recent progress in Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning is increasingly driven by the refinement of post-training loss functions and alignment strategies. However, standard Reinforcement Learning (RL) paradigms like Group Relative Policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Kishan Panaganti , Zhenwen Liang , Wenhao Yu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) offer a promising route to parallel and efficient text generation, but improving their reasoning ability requires effective post-training. Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zichao Yu , Shengze Xu , Bingqing Jiang , Wenyi Zhang , Difan Zou

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs), which offer a promising alternative to traditional autoregressive LLMs, have recently shown strong results in pretraining. However, due to their lack of tractable sequence-level likelihoods, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Anthony Zhan

Reinforcement learning has become the primary paradigm for aligning large language models (LLMs) on complex reasoning tasks, with group relative policy optimization (GRPO) widely used in large-scale post-training. However, GRPO faces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Amir Hossein Yari , Fajri Koto

Recent advances in reinforcement learning for foundation models, such as Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), have significantly improved the performance of foundation models on reasoning tasks. Notably, the advantage function serves…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Wenke Huang , Quan Zhang , Yiyang Fang , Jian Liang , Xuankun Rong , Huanjin Yao , Guancheng Wan , Ke Liang , Wenwen He , Mingjun Li , Leszek Rutkowski , Mang Ye , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

We introduce Self-correction Relative Policy Optimization (ScRPO), a novel reinforcement learning framework designed to empower large language models with advanced mathematical reasoning capabilities through iterative self-reflection and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Lianrui Li , Dakuan Lu , Jiawei Shao , Xuelong Li

Existing Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) algorithms, such as GRPO, rely on rigid, uniform, and symmetric trust region mechanisms that are fundamentally misaligned with the complex optimization dynamics of Large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiaoliang Fu , Jiaye Lin , Yangyi Fang , Binbin Zheng , Chaowen Hu , Zekai Shao , Cong Qin , Lu Pan , Ke Zeng , Xunliang Cai

Inspired by the success of reinforcement learning (RL) in refining large language models (LLMs), we propose AR-GRPO, an approach to integrate online RL training into autoregressive (AR) image generation models. We adapt the Group Relative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Shihao Yuan , Yahui Liu , Yang Yue , Jingyuan Zhang , Wangmeng Zuo , Qi Wang , Fuzheng Zhang , Guorui Zhou

Existing Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) methods, such as Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), have achieved remarkable progress in improving the reasoning capabilities of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs). However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Hsiu-Yuan Huang , Chenming Tang , Weijie Liu , Clive Bai , Saiyong Yang , Yunfang Wu
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