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Reinforcement learning encounters many challenges when applied directly in the real world. Sim-to-real transfer is widely used to transfer the knowledge learned from simulation to the real world. Domain randomization -- one of the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Xiaoyu Chen , Jiachen Hu , Chi Jin , Lihong Li , Liwei Wang

Sim-to-real, a term that describes where a model is trained in a simulator then transferred to the real world, is a technique that enables faster deep reinforcement learning (DRL) training. However, differences between the simulator and the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Yeong-Jia Roger Chu , Ting-Han Wei , Jin-Bo Huang , Yuan-Hao Chen , I-Chen Wu

Domain randomization has emerged as a fundamental technique in reinforcement learning (RL) to facilitate the transfer of policies from simulation to real-world robotic applications. Many existing domain randomization approaches have been…

Learning visuomotor policies in simulation is much safer and cheaper than in the real world. However, due to discrepancies between the simulated and real data, simulator-trained policies often fail when transferred to real robots. One…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Ricardo Garcia , Robin Strudel , Shizhe Chen , Etienne Arlaud , Ivan Laptev , Cordelia Schmid

Deep reinforcement learning has recently seen huge success across multiple areas in the robotics domain. Owing to the limitations of gathering real-world data, i.e., sample inefficiency and the cost of collecting it, simulation environments…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Wenshuai Zhao , Jorge Peña Queralta , Tomi Westerlund

Dexterous manipulation is physics-intensive and highly sensitive to modeling errors and perception noise, making sim-to-real transfer prohibitively challenging. Domain randomization (DR) is commonly used to improve the robustness of learned…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Kejia Ren , Gaotian Wang , Andrew S. Morgan , Kaiyu Hang

Simulations are attractive environments for training agents as they provide an abundant source of data and alleviate certain safety concerns during the training process. But the behaviours developed by agents in simulation are often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-09-21 Xue Bin Peng , Marcin Andrychowicz , Wojciech Zaremba , Pieter Abbeel

Reinforcement-learning (RL) agents often struggle when deployed from simulation to the real-world. A dominant strategy for reducing the sim-to-real gap is domain randomization (DR) which trains the policy across many simulators produced by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Arnaud Fickinger , Abderrahim Bendahi , Stuart Russell

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can enable high-maneuverability in unmanned aerial vehicles (MAVs), but transferring them from simulation to real-world use is challenging. Variable-pitch propeller (VPP) MAVs offer greater agility,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Zhikun Wang , Shiyu Zhao

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated great success in the past several years. However, most of the scenarios focus on simulated environments. One of the main challenges of transferring the policy learned in a simulated environment…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Ya-Yen Tsai , Hui Xu , Zihan Ding , Chong Zhang , Edward Johns , Bidan Huang

Simulation-to-real transfer using domain randomization for robot control often relies on low-gear-ratio, backdrivable actuators, but these approaches break down when the sim-to-real gap widens. Inspired by the traditional PID controller, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Yuta Kawachi

Robotic assembly presents a long-standing challenge due to its requirement for precise, contact-rich manipulation. While simulation-based learning has enabled the development of robust assembly policies, their performance often degrades…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yijie Guo , Iretiayo Akinola , Lars Johannsmeier , Hugo Hadfield , Abhishek Gupta , Yashraj Narang

Safety is a critical component of autonomous systems and remains a challenge for learning-based policies to be utilized in the real world. In particular, policies learned using reinforcement learning often fail to generalize to novel…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Kai-Chieh Hsu , Allen Z. Ren , Duy Phuong Nguyen , Anirudha Majumdar , Jaime F. Fisac

The sim-to-real gap remains a critical challenge in robotics, hindering the deployment of algorithms trained in simulation to real-world systems. This paper introduces a novel Real-Sim-Real (RSR) loop framework leveraging differentiable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Lu Shi , Yuxuan Xu , Shiyu Wang , Jinhao Huang , Wenhao Zhao , Yufei Jia , Zike Yan , Weibin Gu , Guyue Zhou

In sim-to-real Reinforcement Learning (RL), a policy is trained in a simulated environment and then deployed on the physical system. The main challenge of sim-to-real RL is to overcome the reality gap - the discrepancies between the real…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Nghia Vuong , Quang-Cuong Pham

Generating large-scale synthetic data in simulation is a feasible alternative to collecting/labelling real data for training vision-based deep learning models, albeit the modelling inaccuracies do not generalize to the physical world. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Ajay Kumar Tanwani

Due to limited resources and public safety concerns, deep reinforcement learning (RL) agents for many cyber-physical systems (e.g., autonomous vehicles) are first trained in simulators. However, when deployed in real world environments,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Gengyue Han , Yiheng Feng

Domain Randomization (DR) is commonly used for sim2real transfer of reinforcement learning (RL) policies in robotics. Most DR approaches require a simulator with a fixed set of tunable parameters from the start of the training, from which…

Policies trained in simulation often fail when transferred to the real world due to the `reality gap' where the simulator is unable to accurately capture the dynamics and visual properties of the real world. Current approaches to tackle…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Yuqing Du , Olivia Watkins , Trevor Darrell , Pieter Abbeel , Deepak Pathak

Zero-shot sim-to-real transfer of tasks with complex dynamics is a highly challenging and unsolved problem. A number of solutions have been proposed in recent years, but we have found that many works do not present a thorough evaluation in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Eugene Valassakis , Zihan Ding , Edward Johns
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