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In legal matters, text classification models are most often used to filter through large datasets in search of documents that meet certain pre-selected criteria like relevance to a certain subject matter, such as legally privileged…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Keith Huffman , Jianping Zhang , Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet , Fusheng Wei , Peter Gronvall

In retrieval-augmented systems, context ranking techniques are commonly employed to reorder the retrieved contexts based on their relevance to a user query. A standard approach is to measure this relevance through the similarity between…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Weichao Zhou , Jiaxin Zhang , Hilaf Hasson , Anu Singh , Wenchao Li

Large Language Models are cognitively biased judges. Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been shown to be effective as automatic evaluators with simple prompting and in-context learning. In this work, we assemble 15 LLMs of four…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Ryan Koo , Minhwa Lee , Vipul Raheja , Jong Inn Park , Zae Myung Kim , Dongyeop Kang

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance on benchmark tasks, especially in zero or few-shot settings. However, these benchmarks often do not adequately address the challenges posed in the real-world,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Rohan Bhambhoria , Lei Chen , Xiaodan Zhu

The pursuit of leaderboard rankings in Large Language Models (LLMs) has created a fundamental paradox: models excel at standardized tests while failing to demonstrate genuine language understanding and adaptability. Our systematic analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Sourav Banerjee , Ayushi Agarwal , Eishkaran Singh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities as automatic evaluators in assessing the quality of generated natural language. However, LLMs still exhibit biases in evaluation and often struggle to generate coherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Yinhong Liu , Han Zhou , Zhijiang Guo , Ehsan Shareghi , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen , Nigel Collier

Classical and natural language planning tasks remain a difficult domain for modern large language models (LLMs). In this work, we lay the foundations for improving planning capabilities of LLMs. First, we construct a comprehensive benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Bernd Bohnet , Azade Nova , Aaron T Parisi , Kevin Swersky , Katayoon Goshvadi , Hanjun Dai , Dale Schuurmans , Noah Fiedel , Hanie Sedghi

Talent recruitment is a critical, yet costly process for many industries, with high recruitment costs and long hiring cycles. Existing talent recommendation systems increasingly adopt large language models (LLMs) due to their remarkable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Silin Du , Hongyan Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used to evaluate natural language generation tasks as automated metrics. However, the likelihood, a measure of LLM's plausibility for a sentence, can vary due to superficial differences in sentences,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Masanari Oi , Masahiro Kaneko , Ryuto Koike , Mengsay Loem , Naoaki Okazaki

We propose a scalable, multifactorial experimental framework that systematically probes LLM sensitivity to subtle semantic changes in pairwise document comparison. We analogize this as a needle-in-a-haystack problem: a single semantically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Sinan G. Aksoy , Alexandra A. Sabrio , Erik VonKaenel , Lee Burke

Large Language Model (LLM)-based recommendation systems excel in delivering comprehensive suggestions by deeply analyzing content and user behavior. However, they often inherit biases from skewed training data, favoring mainstream content…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Anindya Bijoy Das , Shahnewaz Karim Sakib

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as promising solutions for a variety of medical and clinical decision support applications. However, LLMs are often subject to different types of biases, which can lead to unfair treatment of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Raphael Poulain , Hamed Fayyaz , Rahmatollah Beheshti

Learning to Rank (LTR) methods generally assume that each document in a top-K ranking is presented in an equal format. However, previous work has shown that users' perceptions of relevance can be changed by varying presentations, i.e.,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Norman Knyazev , Harrie Oosterhuis

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in applications where the model selects from competing third-party content, such as in LLM-powered search engines or chatbot plugins. In this paper, we introduce Preference Manipulation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Fredrik Nestaas , Edoardo Debenedetti , Florian Tramèr

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown strong potential for ranking by capturing semantic relevance and adapting across diverse domains, yet existing methods remain constrained by limited context length and high computational…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Tao Feng , Zijie Lei , Zhigang Hua , Yan Xie , Shuang Yang , Ge Liu , Jiaxuan You

Click data collected by modern recommendation systems are an important source of observational data that can be utilized to train learning-to-rank (LTR) systems. However, these data suffer from a number of biases that can result in poor…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-13 Zohreh Ovaisi , Ragib Ahsan , Yifan Zhang , Kathryn Vasilaky , Elena Zheleva

Large Language Model (LLM)-based judgments leverage powerful LLMs to efficiently evaluate candidate content and provide judgment scores. However, the inherent biases and vulnerabilities of LLM-generated judgments raise concerns,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Dawei Li , Zhen Tan , Chengshuai Zhao , Bohan Jiang , Baixiang Huang , Pingchuan Ma , Abdullah Alnaibari , Kai Shu , Huan Liu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly embedded in empirical research workflows, their use as analytical tools for quantitative or qualitative data raises pressing concerns for scientific integrity. This opinion paper draws a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Thomas Kosch , Sebastian Feger

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in academic peer review, yet their reliability, alignment with human judgment, and robustness to adversarial attacks remain poorly understood. We present a systematic benchmark of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Lingyao Li , Junjie Xiong , Changjia Zhu , Runlong Yu , Chen Chen , Junyu Wang , Renkai Ma , Zhicong Lu

The LLMJudge challenge is organized as part of the LLM4Eval workshop at SIGIR 2024. Test collections are essential for evaluating information retrieval (IR) systems. The evaluation and tuning of a search system is largely based on relevance…

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