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With the advent and widespread deployment of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), the imperative to ensure their safety has become increasingly pronounced. However, with the integration of additional modalities, MLLMs are exposed to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Yu Wang , Xiaogeng Liu , Yu Li , Muhao Chen , Chaowei Xiao

Previous benchmarks on prompt injection in large language models (LLMs) have primarily focused on generic tasks and attacks, offering limited insights into more complex threats like data exfiltration. This paper examines how prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Meysam Alizadeh , Zeynab Samei , Daria Stetsenko , Fabrizio Gilardi

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed in safety-critical applications, their vulnerability to potential jailbreaks -- malicious prompts that can disable the safety mechanism of LLMs -- has attracted growing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Jiahao Zhang , Zilong Wang , Ruofan Wang , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in agentic systems that interact with an untrusted environment. However, LLM agents are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks when handling untrusted data. In this paper we propose…

Large language models (LLMs) have gained widespread adoption across diverse applications due to their impressive generative capabilities. Their plug-and-play nature enables both developers and end users to interact with these models through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zongze Li , Jiawei Guo , Haipeng Cai

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents, yet their practical utility is fundamentally constrained by a limited context window and state desynchronization resulting from the LLMs' stateless nature and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Fikresilase Wondmeneh Abebayew

The emergence of agentic recommender systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) represents a paradigm shift in personalized recommendations, leveraging LLMs' advanced reasoning and role-playing capabilities to enable autonomous,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yu Shang , Peijie Liu , Yuwei Yan , Zijing Wu , Leheng Sheng , Yuanqing Yu , Chumeng Jiang , An Zhang , Fengli Xu , Yu Wang , Min Zhang , Yong Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) face prominent security risks from jailbreaking, a practice that manipulates models to bypass built-in security constraints and generate unethical or unsafe content. Among various jailbreak techniques,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yihao Zhang , Kai Wang , Jiangrong Wu , Haolin Wu , Yuxuan Zhou , Zeming Wei , Dongxian Wu , Xun Chen , Jun Sun , Meng Sun

AI agents are autonomous systems that combine LLMs with external tools to solve complex tasks. While such tools extend capability, improper tool permissions introduce security risks such as indirect prompt injection and tool misuse. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Roy Betser , Shamik Bose , Amit Giloni , Chiara Picardi , Sindhu Padakandla , Roman Vainshtein

Multi-Agent Debate (MAD), leveraging collaborative interactions among Large Language Models (LLMs), aim to enhance reasoning capabilities in complex tasks. However, the security implications of their iterative dialogues and role-playing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Senmao Qi , Yifei Zou , Peng Li , Ziyi Lin , Xiuzhen Cheng , Dongxiao Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) serve as the backbone of modern AI systems, yet they remain susceptible to adversarial jailbreak attacks. Consequently, robust detection of such malicious inputs is paramount for ensuring model safety.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Jun Leng , Yu Liu , Litian Zhang , Ruihan Hu , Zhuting Fang , Xi Zhang

Iterative jailbreak methods that repeatedly rewrite and input prompts into large language models (LLMs) to induce harmful outputs -- using the model's previous responses to guide each new iteration -- have been found to be a highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Masahiro Kaneko , Zeerak Talat , Timothy Baldwin

The emergence of LLM (Large Language Model) integrated virtual assistants has brought about a rapid transformation in communication dynamics. During virtual assistant development, some developers prefer to leverage the system message, also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Chun Fai Chan , Daniel Wankit Yip , Aysan Esmradi

Large language models (LLMs) offer new opportunities for interacting with complex software artifacts, such as software models, through natural language. They present especially promising benefits for large software models that are difficult…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Lukasz Mazur , Nenad Petrovic , James Pontes Miranda , Ansgar Radermacher , Robert Rasche , Alois Knoll

LLM agents have begun to appear as personal assistants, customer service bots, and clinical aides. While these applications deliver substantial operational benefits, they also require continuous access to sensitive data, which increases the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Saswat Das , Jameson Sandler , Ferdinando Fioretto

Large Language Models are fundamental actors in the modern IT landscape dominated by AI solutions. However, security threats associated with them might prevent their reliable adoption in critical application scenarios such as government…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Marco Arazzi , Vignesh Kumar Kembu , Antonino Nocera , Vinod P

With the advancement of technology, large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, powering LLM-integrated applications like Microsoft Copilot. However, as LLMs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yulin Chen , Haoran Li , Zihao Zheng , Yangqiu Song , Dekai Wu , Bryan Hooi

This paper proposes a game theoretic framework that models the interaction between prompt engineers and large language models (LLMs) as a two player extensive form game coupled with a Rapidly exploring Random Trees (RRT) search over prompt…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zhengye Han , Quanyan Zhu

We stress-tested 16 leading models from multiple developers in hypothetical corporate environments to identify potentially risky agentic behaviors before they cause real harm. In the scenarios, we allowed models to autonomously send emails…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Aengus Lynch , Benjamin Wright , Caleb Larson , Stuart J. Ritchie , Soren Mindermann , Evan Hubinger , Ethan Perez , Kevin Troy

We introduce Agentic Reasoning, a framework that enhances large language model (LLM) reasoning by integrating external tool-using agents. Agentic Reasoning dynamically leverages web search, code execution, and structured memory to address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Junde Wu , Jiayuan Zhu , Yuyuan Liu , Min Xu , Yueming Jin
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