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An Artificial Intelligence (AI) agent is a software entity that autonomously performs tasks or makes decisions based on pre-defined objectives and data inputs. AI agents, capable of perceiving user inputs, reasoning and planning tasks, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Zehang Deng , Yongjian Guo , Changzhou Han , Wanlun Ma , Junwu Xiong , Sheng Wen , Yang Xiang

AI safety practitioners invest considerable resources in AI system evaluations, but these investments may be wasted if evaluations fail to realize their impact. This paper questions the core value proposition of evaluations: that they…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Gabriel Mukobi

Through a systematic review of academic literature, we propose a taxonomy of systemic risks associated with artificial intelligence (AI), in particular general-purpose AI. Following the EU AI Act's definition, we consider systemic risks as…

AI safety benchmarks are pivotal for safety in advanced AI systems; however, they have significant technical, epistemic, and sociotechnical shortcomings. We present a review of 210 safety benchmarks that maps out common challenges in safety…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Cheng Yu , Severin Engelmann , Ruoxuan Cao , Dalia Ali , Orestis Papakyriakopoulos

As Artificial Intelligence becomes increasingly central to corporate strategies, concerns over its risks are growing too. In response, regulators are pushing for greater transparency in how companies identify, report and mitigate AI-related…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Lucas G. Uberti-Bona Marin , Bram Rijsbosch , Gerasimos Spanakis , Konrad Kollnig

The increasing deployment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and other autonomous algorithmic systems presents the world with new systemic risks. While focus often lies on the function of individual algorithms, a critical and underestimated…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Maurice Chiodo , Dennis Müller

Frontier AI companies first deploy their most advanced models internally, for weeks or months of safety testing, evaluation, and iteration, before a possible public release. For example, Anthropic recently developed a new class of model…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Oscar Delaney , Sambhav Maheshwari , Joe O'Brien , Theo Bearman , Oliver Guest

Technical and legal debates frequently suggest that "accuracy" is an objective, measurable, and purely technical property. We challenge this view, showing that evaluating AI performance fundamentally depends on context-dependent normative…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Lucas G. Uberti-Bona Marin , Bram Rijsbosch , Kristof Meding , Gerasimos Spanakis , Gijs van Dijck , Konrad Kollnig

As the deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) is changing many fields and industries, there are concerns about AI systems making decisions and recommendations without adequately considering various ethical aspects, such as…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Conrad Sanderson , Qinghua Lu , David Douglas , Xiwei Xu , Liming Zhu , Jon Whittle

Recent works have identified a gap between research and practice in artificial intelligence security: threats studied in academia do not always reflect the practical use and security risks of AI. For example, while models are often studied…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Kathrin Grosse , Lukas Bieringer , Tarek Richard Besold , Alexandre Alahi

Financial institutions face increasing cyber risk while operating under strict regulatory oversight. To manage this risk, they rely heavily on Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) to inform detection, response, and strategic security decisions.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Emir Karaosman , Advije Rizvani , Irdin Pekaric

The conversation around artificial intelligence (AI) often focuses on safety, transparency, accountability, alignment, and responsibility. However, AI security (i.e., the safeguarding of data, models, and pipelines from adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Krti Tallam

Organizations that develop and deploy artificial intelligence (AI) systems need to manage the associated risks - for economic, legal, and ethical reasons. However, it is not always clear who is responsible for AI risk management. The Three…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Jonas Schuett

Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed various sectors and institutions, including education and healthcare. Although AI offers immense potential for innovation and problem solving, its integration also raises significant ethical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-05 William Franz Lamberti

Evaluating the safety of AI Systems is a pressing concern for organizations deploying them. In addition to the societal damage done by the lack of fairness of those systems, deployers are concerned about the legal repercussions and the…

Following the rapid increase in Artificial Intelligence (AI) capabilities in recent years, the AI community has voiced concerns regarding possible safety risks. To support decision-making on the safe use and development of AI systems, there…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Gil Gekker , Meirav Segal , Dan Lahav , Omer Nevo

The increasing deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical settings challenges foundational assumptions underlying traditional frameworks of medical evidence. Classical statistical approaches, centered on randomized controlled…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-07 Richik Chakraborty

Alignment of artificial intelligence (AI) encompasses the normative problem of specifying how AI systems should act and the technical problem of ensuring AI systems comply with those specifications. To date, AI alignment has generally…

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and AI methods in the workplace holds both great opportunities as well as risks to occupational safety and discrimination. In addition to legal regulation, technical standards will play a key role in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Nikolas Becker , Pauline Junginger , Lukas Martinez , Daniel Krupka , Leonie Beining

Large language model-based agents are rapidly evolving from simple conversational assistants into autonomous systems capable of performing complex, professional-level tasks in various domains. While these advancements promise significant…